cultural tourism

Source: Richards, G. (2003) What is Cultural Tourism? In van Maaren, A. (ed.)

Nationaal Contact Monumenten.

Cultural tourism has a long history, and with its roots in the Grand Tour is arguably the
original form of tourism. It is also one of the forms of tourism that most policy makers
seem to be betting on for the future. The World Tourism Organisation, for example,
asserted that cultural tourism accounted for 37% of global tourism, and forecast that it
would grow at a rate of 15% per year. Such figures are often quoted in studies of the
cultural tourism market (e.g. Bywater, 1993), but are rarely backed up with empirical
research.
A recent study of the cultural consumption habits of Europeans (European Commission
2002) indicated that people visited museums and galleries abroad almost as frequently
as they did at home. This underlines the growing importance of cultural tourism as a
source of cultural consumption. The generalisation of cultural consumption on holiday,
however, points to one of the main problems of defining cultural tourism. What is the
difference between cultural visits on holiday (cultural tourism) and cultural visits
undertaken during leisure time at home? Much of the research undertaken by the
Association for Leisure and Tourism Education (ATLAS) on the international cultural
tourism market (Richards 1996; 2001) has in fact underlined the high degree of
continuity between consumption of culture at home and on holiday.
In spite of these problems, policy makers, tourist boards and cultural attraction
managers around the world continue to view cultural tourism as an important potential
source of tourism growth. There is a general perception that cultural tourism is ’good’
tourism that attracts high spending visitors and does little damage to the environment
or local culture while contributing a great deal to the economy and support of culture.
Other commentators, however, have suggested that cultural tourism may do more
harm than good, allowing the cultural tourist to penetrate sensitive cultural
environments as the advance guard of the mass tourist.
It is difficult to assess whether an optimistic or a pessimistic view of cultural tourism is
correct, simply because we know remarkably little about it. Who are the cultural
tourists? What are their motivations? Where do they go? These essential questions are
still very difficult to answer, which indicates that the market is still not very well
understood. One of the key reasons for the lack of information on the cultural tourism
market is the fact that a consistent definition of cultural tourism does not exist.
Individual studies adopt differing definitions, which makes them difficult to compare.
Discussions of the definition of cultural tourism may seem academic, but the question
of definition can be crucial. Unless we know who the cultural tourists are, or how many
there are, how can we market cultural tourism effectively or plan for the management of
cultural tourism?
This paper outlines the discussion surrounding the definition of cultural tourism and
also asks the question whether the term ’cultural tourism’ is still appropriate to cover
the wide variety of activities that now tend to be included under this broad umbrella.
Before moving onto the question of definition, however, it is important to consider why
cultural tourism has grown in recent decades, because the way in which cultural
tourism has developed has arguably coloured the question of definition.
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Discussions about the growth of cultural tourism have ranged from the highly
theoretical to extremely practical approaches. First I want to outline one of the most
important theoretical issues, namely the development of culture and tourism in
(post)modern societies.
In theoretical terms, the relationship between tourism and culture illustrates that the
current cultural tourism market represents the latest phase in a long standing process
of convergence between culture and tourism. In the past, culture and tourism were
seen as being separate spheres of social practice, undertaken by distinct social groups
at specific times. As John Urry (1995) has noted, however, the barriers between culture
and tourism are disappearing as a result of two parallel processes:
1) The culturisation of society
Everyday life is increasingly characterised by a de-differentiation of previously distinct
social and cultural spheres, with the emergence of an economy of signs, the
convergence of ‘high’ and ‘low’ culture, ‘art’ and ‘life’. Objects and people have become
increasingly mobile, and boundaries between previously distinct cultures are
increasingly being eliminated.
2) The culturisation of tourist practices
Tourism has attained a greater cultural content, most obviously through the growth of
cultural tourism, but also through the increasing significance of signs in the production
of tourist sites. Not only do tourists consume a wide range of signs during their
holidays, but the signs attached to travel are increasingly produced and circulated by
the cultural industries.
The production and consumption of signs and symbols obviously forms an important
part of both of these processes of the culturisation of tourism. We might therefore be
able to argue that tourism itself has become a culture, or a 'way of life'to quote the
most frequent usage of the term. If tourism, like other sectors of social life, is becoming
more cultural and is itself becoming a form of culture, is it still possible to talk about a
distinct form of 'cultural tourism'? One might argue that all tourism is cultural - and in
fact some of the definitions presented later imply this is the case. If so, it is little wonder
that cultural tourism appears to have grown.
However, the number of people actually visiting cultural attractions has also grown,
indicating a very practical outcome of the culturisation of society. According to the
European Heritage Group, attendance at museums, historical monuments and
archaeological sites has doubled between 1977 and 1997 (European Commission,
1998). Other estimates indicate that between 1982 and 1995, the attendance at
museums and monuments across Europe grew by about 25% (Richards, 1996).
This growth in cultural tourism can be explained in terms of both demand side and
supply side factors.
In terms of demand, one of the most important arguments advanced is that there is an
increased interest in culture in society as a whole. This obviously links to the idea of the
culturisation of society. However, recent research on cultural tourism in the
Netherlands has tended to suggest that tourists are not particularly any more interested
in culture than they were in the past. De Haan (1997) argues that more tourists are
visiting cultural attractions today simply because there are more tourists, not because
tourists in general are any more ’culturally interested’.
Perhaps a more convincing argument is that levels of ’cultural capital’ or cultural
competence have increased in society as education levels have risen. The number of
people entering higher education in Europe is about three times as high today as it
was 30 years ago. This means that more people are in a position to interpret and
appreciate the culture presented by ’high’ cultural attractions such as museums,
theatres or the opera. This effect has been demonstrated very clearly for attendance at
museums in France, the UK and the Netherlands. It seems therefore that cultural
tourists do not necessarily consider themselves more interested in culture, but they are
consuming more high culture as their capacity to interpret it grows.
Another major cultural trend that has been important in the growth of the heritage
industry has been the growth of nostalgia. The increasing pace of life and the feeling of
disorientation and loss associated with modernity has ensured that the preservation of
the past has become big business. Membership of organizations dedicated to heritage
preservation has grown considerably in recent decades. The growth of nostalgia is also
related to the aging population in Europe and elsewhere. Many commentators have
argued that as people get older, their feelings of nostalgia increase, and they are more
likely to visit heritage attractions related to their own past.
It seems that the combination of nostalgia for the past, the need to reassert national
and local identities and the perceived economic benefits of cultural development have
had a dramatic effect on the supply of cultural attractions.
In addition to the demand factors driving cultural tourism growth, there have been a
number of important drivers that related to the supply of cultural attractions. Tourism in
general and cultural tourism in particular have come to be seen as major sources of
jobs and income. In addition, cultural tourism is widely viewed as a growth market, and
this has stimulated many regions and countries to promote cultural tourism as an
economic development tool.
One reason why cultural tourism in particular is a useful development tool for so many
regions is the fact that every place has culture it can develop - unlike the development
of beach tourism, which requires at least a coastline. The plentiful supply of cultural
objects can also create major funding problems relating to the upkeep of historic
structures and cultural venues. The solution to the funding problem may also be seen
in the development of cultural tourism.
At the EU level, culture is viewed as an essential resource that not only provides work
but which can also develop cultural harmony within the European Union. Cultural
tourism and cultural attractions have also become central to much of the regional
economic development activity financed by the European Commission.
One of the consequences of increasing public sector intervention in cultural tourism
has been a vastly increased supply of cultural attractions in recent years. In Europe, for
example, the number of cultural attractions is estimated to have grown by over 100% in
the past 20 years, actually outstripping the growth of demand. Richards (2001) has
therefore argued that the growth of cultural tourism may actually be more supply driven
than it is stimulated by a growth in demand for culture. This is a point which also
becomes important from the point of view of defining cultural tourism. Many definitions
of cultural tourism, as we shall see, have tended to emphasise its broad scope or the
number of cultural tourists, rather than concentrating on the ’essence’ of the cultural
tourism experience.
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What is cultural tourism? As McKercher and Du Cros (2002:3) observe: ’this seemingly
simple question is actually very difficult to answer because there are almost as many
definitions.... of cultural tourism as there are cultural tourists’. The reason for this
complex situation is relatively simple, however - the definition of culture itself is so
difficult. ’Culture’ was labelled by Raymond Williams (1983) as one of the most
complicated words in the English language, and it has just as much variation in
interpretation in most other languages as well. When the discussion spreads across
national (or linguistic) boundaries, the question becomes still more complex. Consider
for a moment whether the Dutch word ’erfgoed’ means the same as the English
’heritage’. In principle these cover the same concept of things inherited from the past,
but the English usage of the term is far broader, and also applies to intangible aspects
of culture, such as customs or national identity. This difference explains why ’cultural
tourism’ has in the past been largely associated with history (cultuurhistorisch toerisme)
in the Netherlands.
The problem of defining culture has been accentuated in recent years by the additional
meanings and functions attributed to ‘culture’ as a result of the democratization of
culture and the increasing convergence of culture and everyday life. The growth of
culture is one reason for the colourful assortment of terms that have arisen in the
literature and in policy statements in recent years. Cultural tourism, heritage tourism,
arts tourism, ethnic tourism and a host of other terms seem to be almost
interchangeable in their usage, but it is rarely clear whether people are talking about
the same thing. In fact, a recent seminar staged by the Scottish Tourist Board to
discuss the development of a new cultural tourism policy was entitled 'Culture and
tourism: are we speaking the same language?'
The broad nature of the cultural tourism phenomenon has also tended to generate a
wide range of different definitions. Most of these definitions have been formulated for a
specific purpose, and therefore tend to address only one major aspect of cultural
tourism. In their review of definitions, McKercher and Du Cros identified four different
types of cultural tourism definitions: tourism derived definitions, motivational definitions,
experiential or aspirational definitions and operational definitions.
In very simple terms, these different approaches can be placed at opposite ends of two
axes (figure 1). The experiential definitions say something about the nature of the
cultural tourism experience, and essentially they are trying to understand the nature of
cultural tourism in conceptual terms - what does it actually mean? The operational
definitions concentrate on identifying cultural tourists, usually in order to measure the
scale or scope of cultural tourism activity. The first definitional axis could therefore be
termed the measurement-meaning axis. The tourism derived definitions essentially look
at cultural tourism from the perspective of the tourism industry or the tourism system.
Cultural tourism is simply one more market segment that utilises the infrastructure of
the tourist industry. In contrast, motivational definitions usually begin with the tourists
themselves and their reasons for travel. These definitions therefore deal with the
second 'tourism-tourist', or supply-demand axis.
The first axis is differentiated in terms of purpose. What are we trying to achieve by
defining cultural tourism - do we want to understand the nature of cultural tourism and
its meaning for the cultural tourists, or are we simply interested in counting how many
people participate? What separates the definitions along the supply-demand axis is the
viewpoint adopted - are we interested in knowing about the market for the tourism
industry, or are we interested in knowing why the demand exists?
Structuring the different definitional approaches in this way makes clear why no single
definition of cultural tourism is likely to be adopted. Which definition is appropriate
depends on our perspective and our objectives. One interesting point that this analysis
also makes is that there is very rarely a cultural perspective on cultural tourism. Either
cultural institutions do not consider it worthwhile defining cultural tourists, or perhaps
for them it is not a problem of definition? Cultural tourists are after all for most cultural
institutions simply those tourists that choose to visit them.
If we look at some of the actual definitions used in studies of cultural tourism, we can
appreciate some of the differences between the approaches and the problems these
pose.
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Conceptual definitions are concerned with the nature of the cultural tourism
phenomenon, and in particular tend to concentrate on what motivates the tourist to visit
cultural attractions.
For example, McIntosh and Goeldner (1986) consider cultural tourism as comprising
"all aspects of travel, whereby travellers learn about the history and heritage of others
or about their contemporary ways of life or thought". In other words, cultural tourists are
motivated to learn about the products and processes of other cultures. The ’wide
definition’ of cultural tourism adopted by the World Tourism Organisation (WTO)
includes "all movements of persons, ..... because they satisfy the human need for
diversity, tending to raise the cultural level of the individual and giving rise to new
knowledge, experience and encounters". This definition again emphasises the learning
aspect of cultural tourism, which is supposed to contribute to personal development,
but the fact that all tourism could fall under this definition of cultural tourism makes it so
wide as to be useless for the purpose of identifying, measuring or managing the
phenomenon. A similar approach has been taken by ICOMOS in its Cultural Tourism
Charter, which actually widened its definition over time. Originally defining cultural
tourism as ’ that form of tourism whose object is, among other aims, the discovery of
monuments and sites’ by 1999 the definition included ’any form of tourism to another
place (that) involves the visitor experiencing all of the "cultural" aspects about that
place, its contemporary lifestyles, food, topography, environment, towns and villages,
just as much as its historic sites and cultural performances’.
In order to try and clarify the meaning of cultural tourism, a conceptual definition was
proposed by Richards (1996), based on the way in which tourists consume culture.
According to Littrell (1997), culture can be viewed as comprising what people think
(attitudes, beliefs, ideas and values), what people do (normative behaviour patterns, or
way of life) and what people make (artworks, artefacts, cultural products). Culture is
therefore composed of processes (the ideas and way of life of people) and the products
of those processes (buildings, artefacts, art, customs, ‘atmosphere’). Looking at culture
in this way, cultural tourism is not just about visiting sites and monuments, which has
tended to be the ‘traditional’ view of cultural tourism, but it also involves consuming the
way of life of the areas visited. Both of these activities involve the collection of new
knowledge and experiences. Cultural tourism can therefore be defined as: ‘The
movement of persons to cultural attractions away from their normal place of residence,
with the intention to gather new information and experiences to satisfy their cultural
needs’ (Richards, 1996). According to this conceptual definition, cultural tourism covers
not just the consumption of the cultural products of the past, but also of contemporary
culture or the ‘way of life’ of a people or region. Cultural tourism can therefore be seen
as covering both ‘heritage tourism’ (related to artefacts of the past) and ‘arts tourism’
(related to contemporary cultural production).
The conceptual definition proposed by ATLAS was therefore:
‘The movement of persons to cultural attractions away from their normal place of
residence, with the intention to gather new information and experiences to satisfy their
cultural needs’.
There has been some discussion subsequently about the utility of this definition. For
example, Alzua HW DO. (1998:3) have argued that because ‘”intention” is a complex
concept to measure’ that it would be better to use a scale of tourist motivations, such
as that incorporated in Silberberg’s (1995) definition ‘visits by persons from outside the
host community motivated wholly or in part by interest in the historical artistic, scientific
or lifestyle/heritage offerings of a community, region, group or institution’. However, as
our research has shown, it would be hard to find a tourist who is not interested at least
in part in some aspect of the culture of the destination they are visiting. Similarly, some
people have suggested that cultural 'needs'are difficult to measure, and than one
should talk about 'wants'and 'desires'. This approach fits better with postmodern
approaches to consumption, but the problem is that every cultural need (such as the
need to learn) can be expressed in thousands of individual wants and desires
associated with a basic cultural need. The need to learn, for example, may be
expressed in a very formal sense, such as taking a course on art history, or very
informally, through browsing the internet or buying a book in a museum shop.
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Measurement approaches tend to be more pragmatic than philosophical, because they
are concerned with limiting the practical problems of measuring or evaluating cultural
tourism. So for example the WTO (1985) also formulated a 'narrow definition'of cultural
tourism which includes "movements of persons for essentially cultural motivations such
as study tours, performing arts and cultural tours, travel to festivals and other cultural
events, visits to sites and monuments, travel to study nature, folklore or art, and
pilgrimages". The essential difference between the WTO 'wide definition'and this
'narrow definition'is that by monitoring the purpose of travel among tourists it is
possible to separate the 'cultural tourists'from other visitors. This definition is therefore
the basis of the WTO's estimate that 37% of global tourism is cultural tourism.
However, the definition makes no distinction between levels of motivation, so in fact it
includes all visitors to cultural attractions, since there is no attempt to define the extent
of 'essentially cultural motivations'mentioned in the definition.
The problem of the extent of the cultural motivation of tourists was recognised in the
Irish Tourist Board's (1988) study of cultural tourism in Europe. The ITB definition is
"Cultural tourism is travel undertaken with the intention, wholly or partly, of increasing
one's appreciation of Europe's cultural resources" . This definition allows one to
distinguish between different types of cultural tourists, and the ITB identified two groups
'general cultural tourists'who visited cultural attractions but were not directly motivated
by culture, and 'specific cultural tourists'who were considered to have a more specific
cultural motivation for visiting certain cultural attractions. This idea is also taken up by
the consultancy LORD inc in their definition: "Visits by persons from outside the host
community motivated wholly or in part by interest in the historical, artistic, scientific or
lifestyle / heritage offerings of a community, region, group or institution."
The ’technical definition’ of cultural tourism proposed by ATLAS places motivation
centrally as the distinguishing feature of cultural tourists, but makes no specific mention
of the degree of motivation:
‘All movements of persons to specific cultural attractions, such as heritage sites, artistic
and cultural manifestations, arts and drama outside their normal place of residence’.
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Resource based definitions tend to start from the premise that all people visiting
cultural attractions are cultural tourists, so cultural tourism can be understood through a
consideration of the resources involved. In particular these definitions tend to
emphasise the range of different types of cultural attractions. This has the advantage of
illustrating the scope and diversity of the cultural tourism product, but often so many
different types of attractions are lumped together that it is still difficult to say what
cultural tourism is.
A typical example comes from ECTARC (1989), who define the resources involved in
cultural tourism as:
a) archaeological sites and museums
b) architecture (ruins, famous buildings, whole towns)
c) art, sculpture, crafts, galleries, festivals, events
d) music and dance (classical, folk, contemporary)
e) drama (theatre, films, dramatists)
f) language and literature study, tours, events
g) religious festivals, pilgrimages
i) complete (folk or primitive) cultures and sub-cultures.
A similar approach is adopted by Munsters (1996) who classifies a wide range of
cultural tourism attractions in the Netherlands and Belgium in the following way:
1 Attractions
a) Monuments
b) Museums
c) Routes
d) Theme parks
2 Events
a) Cultural-historic events
b) Art events
c) Events and Attractions
Munster's typology is unusual for including 'theme parks'as cultural attractions, the
example he gives being 'Mini Europe'in Brussels, which he argues can be seen as an
architectural park. Although this may seem only vaguely 'cultural', the inclusion of an
increasing number of cultural elements in modern theme parks tends to blur the
boundaries between theme parks and heritage attractions, increasing the problems of
creating a product-based definition of cultural tourism.
Product based definitions are also common among tourist boards and cultural
organisations. The Scottish Tourist Board and Scottish Arts Council offered: "Realising
the tourism potential of Scotland’s performing, visual and literary arts (traditional and
contemporary), language, museums, heritage, crafts, architecture, design, film and
broadcasting". The Wales Tourist Board, which is currently working on a cultural
tourism strategy of its own, has drawn heavily on this description, while adding "historic
landscapes and gardens" and stressing professional and amateur arts. A similar
approach is adopted in the Toerdata report on 1RRUG 1HGHUODQG
&RQVXPHQWHQRQGHU]RHN 7RHULVPH . In this study cultural tourists are considered
to be those people who indicate they are motivated to visit the region by at least one of
the three following elements: rural landscape (agrarisch landschap); historic town
(historisch stadje) or museums (musea/bezienswaardigheden).
One of the problems with these types of definition is that the categories of ’cultural
attractions’ are not fixed and are becoming increasingly difficult to define as purely
’cultural’ or ’entertainment’ based, for example. Richards (2001) has therefore
suggested that cultural attractions might better be viewed as a dynamic field of
attractions rather than static categories.
In figure 2, the field of cultural attractions is divided into four quadrants by the two
dimensions of ’cultural content’ (ranging from culture as product to culture as process,
as outlined above) and ’cultural purpose’, ranging from educational uses of culture to
culture as the basis of entertainment. Quadrant 1 contains the major ‘traditional’
cultural attractions based largely on heritage and other cultural products of the past –
museums, monuments and galleries. Quadrant 2 features more contemporary types of
attractions based on cultural processes, such as language courses and art exhibitions.
On the right hand side of the diagram are 'entertainment'based attractions orientated
more towards the needs of the cultural audience than preserving cultural resources. In
the top left quadrant are grouped attractions related to entertainment – arts festivals
and performances. Theme parks arguably fall across the boundary between quadrant 3
and quadrant 4, because they not only present contemporary entertainment but also
exploit historical resources, such as historical themes and attractions. Quadrant 4
contains a number of attraction types, including heritage centres and folklore festivals,
which mix educational and entertainment elements based on historical resources.
The dynamic nature of the cultural field outlined in figure 2 suggests that it is
increasingly difficult to base definitions of cultural tourism purely on types of attraction.
What is today widely accepted as a museum may tomorrow re-invent itself as a 'theme
park', or vice versa. This postmodern fluidity of definition is a problem discussed in
more detail at the end of this article.
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Tourist based definitions also generally start with the product or resource, but they
concentrate on the purpose of visit of the tourists themselves.
The definitions adopted by most tourist boards are of this type, usually defining cultural
tourists by purpose of visit rather than by motivation. So for example in New England
cultural tourists are those visitors whose primary purpose for being in New England is
to visit a cultural event or attraction. The rationale for this type of definition is that
cultural tourists can then be identified easily by reference to the trip data collected by
most tourist boards. However, it should be recognised that 'purpose of visit'is usually
identified with reference to fairly general categories (such as leisure, business or
visiting friends and family) and that travelling to visit a cultural attraction does not
always mean that the visitor is culturally motivated. Consider the fact, for example, that
only 20% of the tourists interviewed for the ATLAS Cultural Tourism Survey over the
past 10 at cultural attractions consider themselves to be 'cultural tourists'. Most
consider their cultural consumption to be one part of a general trip for other purposes,
such as a ’city trip’.
A definition of ‘arts tourism’ was taken for figures emerging from the United Kingdom
Tourism Survey on cultural visits by domestic tourists. The definition of arts tourism is
where the main purpose of a trip is to attend a performing arts event (including the
cinema) or to visit a museum, gallery or heritage attraction. The data indicate that ‘arts
tourism’ accounted for 1.7% of all domestic holidays and 3% of all holiday expenditure
in the UK in 1996. In US research on cultural visitors, for example, studies of ‘cultural
tourists’ include all those visiting museums, monuments, historic sites and cultural
performances and events (Travel Industry Association, 1997).
looking at the definitions as a whole, one can see that there are major differences in
terms of the scope of the definitions of all types. In broad terms, definitions either seek
to be fairly broad and inclusive, covering all possible forms of cultural tourism, or they
seek to narrow the definition in order to identify the 'essence'of cultural tourism.
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It is clear from the preceding discussion of cultural tourism definitions that it is
extremely difficult to find one single definition that will cover all aspects of cultural
tourism. This is why both the World Tourism Organisation and ATLAS developed two
different definitions of the concept. Other studies have tried to avoid the problem of
definition in a different way, by constructing typologies that attempt to describe the
different types of cultural tourists. Although a typology does not provide a definition per
se, it can help to visualise the scope of the phenomenon.
Most typologies are based on the degree of cultural motivation of tourists, usually
ranging from those with a fairly general or superficial interest in culture to those with a
very specific and/or strong interest in culture. For example, an early typology was
produced in the Irish Tourist Board Study mentioned above, which split tourists into
'specific'and 'general'cultural tourists. This concept was later operationalised in the
ATLAS research, that distinguished between the two groups on basis of their selfdesignation
as cultural tourists and their stated level of interest in a specific cultural
attraction. Survey data indicated that about 9% of all tourists could be seen as
'specific'cultural tourists, with a further 10-15% being 'general'cultural tourists,
depending on the destination. Research has also indicated that the number of specific
cultural tourists has tended to remain fairly constant over the years, while most of the
growth in the cultural tourism market is coming from general cultural tourists.
Other typologies have tried to produce more detailed distinctions. For example,
Bywater (1993) distinguished between visitors who were culturally interested, culturally
motivated and culturally inspired. Culturally interested tourists are those who have a
fairly general interest in culture and will consume cultural attractions casually as part of
a holiday rather than consciously planning to do so. Culturally motivated tourists are
those who consume culture as a major part of their holiday experience, but who are not
choosing their destination on the basis of specific cultural experiences. Culturally
inspired tourists are those who see culture as the main goal of their holiday and who
will travel long distances to collect cultural experiences.
A more complex typology was proposed by McKercher and Du Cros, who argued that
not only the importance of culture in the decision to travel should be taken into account
in constructing a typology, but that the 'depth of experience'being sought by the tourist
was also important. Based on this idea they produced a two-dimensional typology
which divides cultural tourists into five groups (figure 3):
1) The purposeful cultural tourist - cultural tourism is the primary motive for visiting a
destination and the tourist has a very deep cultural experience.
2) The sightseeing cultural tourist - cultural tourism is a primary reason for visiting a
destination, but the experience is more shallow.
3) The serendipitous cultural tourist - a tourist who does not travel for cultural tourism
reasons, but who, after participating, ends up having a deep cultural tourism
experience.
4) The casual cultural tourist - cultural tourism is a weak motive for travel and the
resulting experience is shallow.
5) The incidental cultural tourist - this tourist does not travel for cultural tourism
reasons but nonetheless participates in some activities and has shallow
experiences.
Field research in Hong Kong indicated that most tourists have cultural motivations for
travel, but are not usually looking for ’deep’ cultural experiences (figure 4). The largest
groups in the typology are therefore the sightseeing cultural tourist (31%) the incidental
cultural tourist (28%) and the casual cultural tourist (24%). In contrast the purposeful
cultural tourist (12%) and the serendipitous cultural tourist (6%) were far less common.
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The wide variety of definitions of cultural tourism points to the problem of attempting to
capture the meaning of cultural tourism in a single phrase. The truth is that not only has
cultural tourism expanded as an activity, but the concept of culture itself has also
grown. In the past, culture was considered to mean ’high’ culture, such as museums
and concert halls, but increasingly the cultural tourism product is also seen as
encompassing ’popular’ culture as well. In this context the division between high and
popular culture begins to lose its meaning. Consider for a moment the museums run by
football clubs such as FC Barcelona and Ajax. These are called museums, but they
focus heavily on football as popular culture, and they are successful in attracting
tourists. Should these be considered ’cultural’ attractions, and therefore their visitors be
seen as ’cultural tourists’?
In my opinion the term ’cultural tourism’ is beginning to lose its meaning as a definition
of a clearly identifiable activity or group of consumers. The expansion of the concept of
culture makes a simple conflation of ’tourism’ and ’culture’ an unwieldy concept.
A big concept however attracts much attention, and there is a growth of intervention in
cultural tourism not just by tourist boards but also cultural institutions, heritage
organisations, local authorities, motoring organisations, the media, theme parks, hotels,
etc. A plethora of plans, projects, platforms product developments, discussion groups,
networks and policies are being developed around cultural tourism. A major problem is
that all of the organisations that concern themselves with cultural tourism seem to be
convinced that it is a new, growing market. In fact, cultural tourism has been around for
a very long time, and the core market of ’culturally inspired’ tourists is not growing as
fast as the number of projects developed for them. This leads to an increase in
competition between cultural attractions chasing the same cultural tourists. The
inidications are that the search for distinction and more fulfilling experiences on the part
of the cultural consumer means that cultural tourism growth is more likely to be found in
specific ’niche’ markets rather than the general cultural tourism market, which seems to
be fairly mature and highly competitive (see figure 5). The future seems to lie in
specialised areas such as arts tourism, architectural tourism, festival tourism, opera
tourism, gastronomic tourism and creative tourism (Dümke 2002, Hjalager and
Richards 2002).
There seems to be a strange divergence taking place between policy and practice in
cultural tourism. One the one hand, policy is becoming more integrated, with tourist
boards bringing organisations together from different cultural and tourism sectors to
form a ’cultural tourism product’. On the other hand the consumer seems increasingly
less likely to identify with the general label ’cultural tourist’, and increasingly more likely
to look for specialised cultural experiences which can meet very specific cultural wants
and needs.
This trend away from general to more individualised patterns of cultural consumption is
evident in (post)modern leisure market. People undertake an increasing diversity of
leisure activities in an increasingly short amount of leisure time. The development of
the ’zap’ culture has stimulated the emergence of the ’cultural omnivore’, who
consumes both high culture and popular culture with equal ease, shifting between
theme parks and museums as if they were interchangeable modules of leisure time.
Arguably what lies at the base of all these developments is the basic experience
hunger that characterises (post)modern societies (de Cauter 1995). Cut off from the
‘authentic’ experiences of the past and apparently unable to reach the same depth of
experience, we build our identities not so much on the pillars of modern society, such
as work, marriage or religion, but more on a series of unconnected individual
experiences. The lack of connection between experience and nature, the family,
spirituality or the development of the self is a lack that is keenly felt and is translated
into a constant hunger for new experiences which promise to provide those
connections.
Through these new patterns of consumption, people have been separated from a
cumulative form of experience (HUIDKUXQJ) and are increasingly reliant on individual
experiences (HUOHEQLV) for development of the life course (de Cauter 1995). This makes
it increasingly necessary for individuals to piece these discrete fragments of experience
together into a coherent story which contributes to their identity. In the past it was
enough to know that someone had a specific trade, and had undergone a training for
that trade to understand the cumulative experience they had. In postmodern societies
the individualisation of experience makes this easy identification of a life course and
sequential modes of experience obsolete.
The need to piece together a coherent life history partly explains the postmodern
concern with narrative. Narratives are important because of the uncertainty and
fragmentation of postmodern life. Narratives provide the means to link together
disparate experiences into a coherent whole – and perhaps more importantly, a
distinct, individualised whole. We all have our own individual narratives, which are
arguably of equal worth in the postmodern world. Of course, in this situation the power
relationship between the supplier of cultural experiences and the consumer also begins
to change. In the past we were used to the museum being the 'factory of meaning',
whose authority to produce cultural narratives was unchallenged by the visitor. These
days, the visitor is more likely to be seeking part of their own story when they visit a
museum - a piece of the puzzle which constructs their identity. The visitor will
increasingly decide which parts of the cultural offer they want to consume and which
are irrelevant for them.
Suppliers of leisure experiences have reacted to the development of this (UOHEQLVNXOWXU
by combining different types of cultural experiences into their products. Museums
become a mixture of the traditional culture presented in display cases, new media
represented by interactive displays and websites, catering in the obligatory cafe and/or
restaurant and shopping in the inevitable 'museum shop'. These new leisure products
provide more apparent choice for the consumer, in the hope that at least one of the
elements will appeal to all potential visitors. The problem is that as these products
diversify, they in fact become more alike - the museum becomes less distinguishable
from the theme park and both become more like IKEA. Distinguishing cultural
attractions through their products is no longer as simple as it used to be. This is one
reason why cultural attractions are turning to narrative and theming to add power to the
basic product.
As Gottdiener (1997) has suggested, the desire for meaning on the part of the
consumer is met increasingly by the creation of themed environments. Such theming is
designed to appeal to an extremely wide audience, containing sufficient ’cultural cues’
so that every visitor can recognise something that links with their own cultural needs.
The basis of competition between commercial suppliers, and implicitly between cultural
organisations as well, has therefore become symbolic differentiation and thematic
distinction.
In this new competitive environment, the narrative provides a link between the culture
being presented and the culture of the visitor. The consumer takes selected pieces of
the experiences created for them and constructs their own narrative on which they can
base their identity. This idea is not just being taken up by commercial suppliers such as
Disney, but is also increasingly being used to valorize ’high’ cultural or heritage
experiences.
One example of the development of narrative from local identities is the Identity Factory
Southeast (,GHQWLWHLWVIDEULHN =XLG 2RVW: IDZO) in Kempenland region of the southern
Netherlands. The IDZO is not a traditional museum where ’authorised’ versions of
culture are produced. The project attempts to present culture as a series of ‘cultural
biographies’ based on the life stories of local people, which can then be creatively used
and interpreted by the visitor. The system is flexible thanks to new technology. The
visitor can scan through the biographies in the way that fits their own vision of the
world, and therefore create their own interpretation, or story, based on local culture.
The importance of allowing visitors to construct their own narratives is emphasised by
the important role played by ‘authenticity’ in tourism consumption. Our research
indicates that the need for authentic experiences is high among a broad group of
tourists, but particularly among cultural tourists. By allowing tourists to work creatively
with cultural biographies and to accumulate their own views of local culture, the
perceived authenticity of the tourism product can be increased. Tourists who have the
feeling that they are being presented with a ‘staged’ version of local culture will soon
become dissatisfied. Tourists who can choose to construct their own versions of local
identity become themselves involved in the staging process, which therefore slips into
the background.
One advantage of using such biographies is that they overlap in time and space, giving
discrete attractions the chance to link together in new ways. For example, the
biography gives attractions the potential to link together a storyline that may contain a
wide variety of different types of objects or attractions. This contrasts with the
traditional classificatory strategy of grouping objects of similar types (e.g. castles,
historic houses or art museums). Such an approach seems more attune to the modern
zap culture than the staid classificatory approaches taken by many cultural institutions
at present.
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Modern cultural tourism is an apparent paradox. It is a form of tourism that has become
so popular that everybody seems familiar with it and many people are keen to develop
it. But our understanding of the concept has not kept pace with its growth. The concept
of cultural tourism is still fairly vague, and many different definitions of term are in
circulation.
Part of the problem lies in the fact that culture is itself so difficult to define, but the
different approaches to cultural tourism have tended to add to the confusion. Different
definitions have been developed for different purposes, whether to understand,
measure or identify cultural tourism. The difficulty of designing one simple definition
which cover the whole concept is underlined by the fact that some organisations have
opted for multiple definitions, while many academics have developed typologies which
describe the different types of cultural tourists instead of a clear definition.
In the increasingly complicated postmodern consumer landscape, definition will
become even more difficult, because fixed categories such as ’museum’, ’monument’ or
’theme park’ will become increasingly untenable. It is little wonder that many
practitioners question the wisdom of having a definition at all. In my view, however, it
remains important to adopt a definition of cultural tourism. Without a consistent
definition it is difficult to communicate to others what is meant by cultural tourism, and
making policy or management plans becomes far more difficult. Without a definition,
marketing cultural tourism becomes impossible. The most practical approach,
therefore, seems to be to choose the definition that is most suited to the task at hand.
If understanding cultural tourism is the main aim, a conceptual definition would seem
most appropriate. If counting cultural tourists is most important then a measurement
approach should be adopted.
It remains curious, however, that the one viewpoint that is obviously missing from
current definitions of cultural tourism is that of culture. Rather than taking culture for
granted in the process of definition, perhaps culture should be placed at the centre of
the picture. In this way, the current friction between the demands of the culture of
tourism and the needs of the cultural object of tourism could be avoided.

An introduction

The topic of the project is “A tourism development plan for Beypore and Kadalundi” the flourishing trade and amazing trade history of Beypore and Kadalundi Kadalundi are not only famous in India but also in abroad, so the proud full past history is now meeting the present world, that’s why the project is named as ‘past meet present’. Beypore and Kadalundi are the perfect blend of historic and natural elements.

Beypore and Kadalundi both are different place in the cost of Arabian Sea. There is hardly 1 km distance between these places; a tourist coming to Beypore should also visit to Kadalundi. Beypore is famous for its beach, handloom, handicraft and Uru constructing units. Kadalundi is famous for the Bird sanctuary, mangrove forest, cultural centers and coir manufacturing units. This made me to think about a new integrated tourism development in the region. Tourism can not grow in the absence of planning, so there is a need for a better planning. In other words we can say that tourism development and planning are inter related. The development work of Beypore and Kadalundi were in an unplanned manner.

Development plan also useful for the effective utilization of potentials of the place. Here in the project a different approach is adopted for the development work. Project is planned a responsible tourism development in the place. Responsible tourism development gives equal important to the conservation of the natural recourse and also the protection of the traditional work.It gives full involvement to the local , touriats and stake jolders for the protection and development of the destination. This development also reduces the negative impact and enhances the positive impact of tourism. So this type of development not only boosts the tourism in the region but also preserve the traditional works like: - Handloom, handicraft, Uru and coir manufacturing units. The local people get direct benefit from the tourism so they also support the development activities in the region.

As a part of this project work, data collection is done on the first step. Then the collected data is evaluated through SWOT and questionnaire method, on the basis of this evaluation finding and suggestion are made.

Need of the study

Beypore and Kadalundi are the one of the historical and naturally vibrant places in India. Even though the tourists are coming there and development works are going on still, the places have not hold a structured development yet. The tourism possibilities of Beypore and Kadalundi in the future years are quite large. So to make the perfect tourism destination with least impact we need to develop a tourism plan.

Objective

The important objectives of this project are the following:

1. To prepare a development plan for Beypore and Kadalundi
2. To Identify the tourism attractions of Beypore and Kadalundi

Study area

Beypore is 180 km North of Cochin and 391 km away from Trivandrum; Kadalundi is 177 kms from Cochin and 388 kms from Trivandrum. Beypore and Kadalundi are the nearby places there is hardly 1 kilometer between two places. Beypore is located only 10 kms away from Calicut. Normally the visitors coming in Beypore also visit Kadalundi, The both destination has lot of interesting tourist attractions. Both this place is adjacent to the Arabian Sea.

Methodology

As a part of this project work, both primary and secondary data were collected. Then the collected data is evaluated through SWOT and questionnaire method, on the basis of this evaluation finding and suggestion are made.

Primary data

Primary data is collected with the help of questionnaires, distributed among the tourism authorities and tourists. Here data collection is also done through the interviewing method, through formal and informal interview with Officials, tourist and locals.

Secondary data

Secondary data has been collected from various books, journals, literature, brochures and internet. Data also collected from port of Beypore, community reserve of Kadalundi, Calvary hill church, harbor authorities, DTPC and local bodies.

Technique of Analysis

The data colleted from various sources have been analyzed by applying simple mathematical and statistical technique and presented by means of tables and diagram.

Limitation of the Study

The resources were the major constraints in my project. The data about the places was not available in large measures. The data collected through the secondary method was very limited and scarce. We can not fully depend on the questionnaire and sample method because some times the selected sample can not convey the truthful information. DTPC does not have the up to date information about the destination.

Calicut-The ancient city

Calicut is a vibrate and wonderful pace located in the lushing green cost of Arabian Sea. It has a long history to tel, There are also plenty of historical remains can be seen in different part of the city. Calicut also known as Kozhikode, is a city in the northern part of the state of Kerala. The name Kozhikode is thought to be derived, according to Prof. K.V. Krishna Ayyer, from two words Koyil which means Palace and Kota means Fort, meaning Fortified Palace. Calicut has a population of 436,556 as per 2001 census, with an extended metropolitan population of about 0.9 million, making it the third largest city in Kerala. During Classical antiquity and the Middle Ages, Calicut was dubbed the "City of Spices" for its role as the major trading point of spices. Kozhikode was once the capital of an independent kingdom of the same name. The climate of Calicut is very awesome; It enjoys and features a tropical monsoon climate. The high temperatures would be recorded from March to May. A brief spell of pre-monsoon Mango showers hits the city during April.

An over view of Calicut

Early History

Not much is known about the early history of Calicut. However a few prehistoric relics like rock cut caves were found in the district at many places. During the sangam age, the district formed part of the Chera Empire. It played a leading part in fostering trade relations between Kerala and outside world. Tondi, the present Kadalundi as per scholars, was one of the most flourishing seaports of Kerala that time. Again nothing is known in the post-sangam age which is considered to be the Dark Age in South India's history. In the 9th century, Calicut became a part of the Second Chera Empire. The Chera's also known as Perumals, ruled the territory till 1122 AD. With the fall of Cheras, the kingdom was divided into many independent districts called 'Nadus' such as Ernad and Polanad. Originally Calicut area was under the Porlarthris, rulers of Poland. It became an important town in 13th century with the conquest of Polanad by the King of Ernad.

Formation of Calicut

The Udaiyavar of Ernad, whose headquarters was at Nediyiruppu wanted an outlet to the sea and after fighting with the Polatthiri King for 48 long years conquered the area around Ponniankara and build a fort at a place called Velapuram. Thus the city of Calicut came into existence sometime in the 13th Century AD. With the accession of Calicut, the status of Nediyirippu increased and he come to known as Swami Nambiyathiri Thirumulpad, which gradually became Samuri or Samuthiri over the years. The Europeans called him Zamorin. The place surrounded by the fort was known as Koyil (palace) Kotta (fort) and hence the name of the place became Kozhikode. Foreigners called it by different names, For Arabs it was Kalikat, for Chinese it was Kalifo while the city is known to outside world by its European name - Calicut.

Calicut became a mighty seaport, where the Arabs and the Chinese met to exchange the products of west with the east and vise versa. Religious tolerance, good administration, which gave security and impartiality to all and the friendly attitude of Zamorin to all traders, made Calicut the chief centre of trade in Malabar region. Zamorin gave special concession to Arabs (the Moors) to carry out trade. Islam was also propagated here.

According to K.V. Krishna Iyer, the rise of calicut is at once a cause and a consequence of Zamorin's ascendancy in Kerala. By the end of the century, Zamorin was at the zenith of his powers with all princes and chieftains of Kerala north of Cochin acknowledging his suzerainty.

The Arrival of Portuguese ,Dutch ,English

Vasco Da Gama arrived in 1498 and obtained permission to carry out trade from Calicut. The Arabs sensing the threat posed by Portuguese to their commercial supremacy, opposed the Europeans. Bitter fights started between Portuguese and Arabs. The Portuguese went to Cochin for trade and the Raja of Cochin had an alliance with the Portuguese with aim of attaining sovereignty from Zamorin.

The hostilities between the Zamorin and the Portuguese continued for many decades and the role played by the Kunjali Marakkar in these battles can not been forgotten. Kunjali Marakkar were the hereditary admirals of the zamorin and organized a powerful navy to fight the Portuguese. Kunajali II, the greatest of Zamorin's Admirals, fought bravely and captured the Portuguese ships and massacred the crew members. Kunjali III built a fort at Kottakkal and enjoyed all the privileges enjoyed by the Nair chiefs. The caused heavy damages to the Portuguese shipping and trade but with the defeats in 1528 and 1538 they lost their glory.

The Portuguese built a fort at Chaliyam at the mouth of the Baypore River in the middle of the Zamorin's territory. Due to the prolonged struggle, zamorin's strength deteriorated and entered into a treaty in 1540 and allowed the Portuguese to have monopoly over trade at Calicut port. The peace was temporary and war broke out again resulting in the demolition of Chaliyom Fort in the 1571 by the Zamorin.

The battles continued unabated till 1588 when the Portuguese were allowed to settle down at Calicut. However Kunjali opposed the move. Moreover the Kunjali IV declared himself as the 'King of the Moors' and disobeyed the Zamorin. Zamorin could not digest this and sided with Portuguese to destroy the powerful Kunjalis and in 1600, kunjalis surrendered and subsequently executed. It was really ironical that Zamorins had to ally with Portuguese and to fight the Kunjalis, who saved the Calicut Kingdom for decades in its fight against Portuguese.

In the meanwhile, the Dutch, English and the French arrived in Kerala. Zamorins allowed the Dutch to trade in Calicut and sought their help to drive out the Portuguese. The position of Portuguese weakened gradually due to international events and their position in Kerala deteriorated. Dutch captured Cochin and Cannanore and established trade. However, by 1721, the Dutch formally withdrew from all interference in native wars. The Dutch saw their final days in 1795 when the British forces attacked the Dutch at Cochin as part of the larger French Revolutionary Wars. A brief period of attacks emerged from the Mysore state under Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan from February 1766 as they desperately sought to capture the flourishing trading ports of Malabar for strategic interests. The Mysorean rule ended in 1792 following due to their defeat with British forces. Britishers ruled calicut since on the date national indipendance, during that time Kozhikode remained as a part of the Madras province.

Early Calicut in foreign accounts

Very interesting accounts of the city and the conditions prevailing then can be gleaned from the chronicles of various travellers who visited the port city. Ibn Battuta (1342–1347), who visited the place six times, gives us the earliest glimpses of life in the city. He describes Calicut as "one of the great ports of the district of Malabar" where "merchants of all parts of the world are found". The King of this place, he says "is an infidel who shaves his chin just as the Haidari Fakeers of Rome do...The greater part of the Muhammedan merchants of this place are so wealthy that one of them can purchase the whole freightage of such vessels put here and fit out others like them". Ma Huang (1403 AD), the Chinese Muslim sailor part of the Imperial Chinese fleet under Cheng Ho (Zheng He) lauds the city as a great emporium of trade frequented by merchants from around the world. He makes note of the 20 or 30 mosques built to cater to the religious needs of the Muslims, he also noted that a unique system of calculation by the merchants using their fingers and toes, they used it on trading. Abdur Razzak (1442–43) the ambassador of Persian Emperor Sha-Rohk finds the city harbour perfectly secured and notices precious articles from several maritime countries especially from Abyssinia, Zirbad and Zanzibar. The Italian Niccolò de' Conti (1445), perhaps the first Christian traveller who noticed Calicut describes the city as abounding in pepper, lac, ginger, a larger kind of Cinnamon, myrobalans and Zedary. He calls it a noble emporium(market) for all India. The Russian traveller Athanasius Nikitn or Afanasy Nikitin(1468–74) calls 'Calecut' a port for the whole Indian sea and describes Calicut as having a "big bazaar". Other travellers who visited Calicut include the Italian Ludovico di Varthema(1503–1508) and Duarte Barbosa.

Culture

In the field of Malayalam language and literature, Kozhikode has made many significant contributions. The district is famous for folk songs or ballads known as Vadakkan Pattukal. The most popular songs among them are those which celebrate the exploits of Thacholi Othenan and Unniyarcha. The famous intellectual debate for Vedic scholars to win the coveted position of Pattathanam takes place at Thali temple during the month of Thulam. Kozhikode also has strong associations with ghazals and football.

The city has a very strong mercantile streak. The main area of business was once 'Valiyangadi' (Big Bazaar) near the railway station. As time progressed, it shifted to other parts of the city. These days, the commercial heart has moved to Mittai Theruvu (Sweet Meat Street), a long street crammed with shops that sell everything from saris to cosmetics. It also houses restaurants and sweetmeat shops. The name Mittai Theruvu or S.M. Street comes from the famous Kozhikode Halwa which was often called Sweet Meat.the calicut biriyani and banana chips also very famous and it has its own unique taste ,The multicultural mix of Kozhikode ensures that Onam, Christmas and Id-ul-Fitr (the festivals of the Hindus, Christians, and Muslims respectively) are celebrated with equal importance.

Places of interest

Calicut Beach

It is situated at 1.5 Km away from the city. Calicut beach is a perfect place to spend your evening. The sea piers almost 125 years old extending well inside the sea are specialty, The piers are builded during the Europeans time. The Lions Club Children’s Park along with the nearby ice-cream parlors make evenings pleasant for visiting families. Sun set and sun rice are worth to see here. People can take a long walk and get refresh, the beach calmness will surely rejuvenate the body and mind. Fishermen with their small rowing boats entering the sea, fighting the waves and returning with varieties of fish is worth watching. Many people from different place come and gathered at this place.

Science Planetarium

Kozhikode wins a place in the planetarium map of the world. Situate within city at Jaffarkhan Colony. It reveals the mysteries of universe and enlightens about the planets and stars.Noramly student from different colleges and schools comes to see and study universal mysteries. There is also a science centre.The science centre abounds with puzzles and wonders that can keep you busy for at least half a day. Floating ball, whisper being carried from one end to another with the help of parabolic reflectors and many more wonders can be seen at science centre. The time for Shows are at 12.00, 2.00, 4.00 & 6.00 pm.

Mananchira

Manachira is situated at the heart of the city Calicut. People normally come and gathered at this place it opens after 3’o clock noon. Because of the location important people from different part of the city comes and gathers here. There are lots of business enterprises, shopping centers, and streets like SM Street and town hall are situated surrounding to this .So that’s why people volume increases during evening time. Today the park is closed for some modification work. In the same complex we can also see Ansari Park, in recent time there was musical fountain laser show but due to some problems it stopped and the park becomes neglected but today corporation undertake new project here, they modified the park and also undertake the beatification works.

SM Street

S.M. Street is a buzzing shopping and commercial lane immediately north of Mananchira Square. The name Sweetmeat is thought to have been derived from a kind of sweet (locally called 'Halwa') which was called 'Sweetmeat' by European traders.^[28] S.M. street, like the lanes of Veliyangadi, is about 600 years old and was most likely occupied by the residences and shops of sweet manufacturers from Gujarath. We can also see the mention of this great place in William Logan's (great traveler) Malabar manual.

Sarovaram Park

Sarovaram is an eco-friendly biological park adjacent to Canoly Canal. The project has been developed with an eco-friendly theme and the construction has been done in traditional Kerala style. It is one of the more popular spots in the city to spend an evening. It is 29^th National important wet land and has a rich biodiversity we can also see different types mangroves here. The project was introduced by KITCO and corporation of Calicut in 2009.People normally comes to spend their evening, the park opens only in morning time. It builds as a complete leisure package place we can also enjoy boat riding through Canoly Cannel. The place is perfect to take relaxation and keep clam of body and mind, the natural atmosphere is very suit for this.

Tali Temple

The Tali Siva temple was one of the two Brahmanical royal temples patronized by the Zamorin and to this day remains one of the most important spiritual and cultural centres in Kozhikode. The temple's date of origin is uncertain but was most likely built during the foundation of the city itself in the 12th century or before. The temple is surrounded by gigantic walls of 'elephant belly' type with broad base and narrower neck at the top. One of the two tanks attached to the temple can be seen to the right. The temple hosts the annual 'competition for scholars' called Revathi Pattathanam attended by eminent scholars and photospheres of Bharatiya Mimamsa, Prabhakara Mimamsa, Vedanta Mimamsa. Devotees flock increases during festival seasons like Mahanavami, Onam, and Vishu etc…

Kappad Beach

Kappad (Kappakkadavu) Beach is located 16 km to the north of Kozhikode along the Kannur road at Tiruvangoor. Apart from the fact that it is a beautiful rocky beach with high potential for tourism, it is the site where Vasco Da Gama landed on 27 May 1498 with three vessels and 170 men.. An ancient temple on a hillock, facing the sea, is an added attraction. Today Dtpc and Kerala Government planed to start lot of new projects here, Recently beach host for an international kite festival and gets a good response.

Krishna Menon Museum

The Krishna Menon Museum has a section in honour of the great Indian leader V.K Krishna Menon, whose personal belongings and souvenirs gifted by this world leader are exhibited here.

Pazhassiraja Museum

Located at East Hill, the Pazhassiraja Museum, run by the State Archaeological Department, displays ancient mural paintings, antique bronzes and old coins as well as models of temples, megalithic monuments like dolmonoid cysts and the umbrella stones.

Kallai

Six kms away is Kallai, once the bustling nerve point of Calicut's timber trade, said to have been the largest such trading centre in Asia. Today, though some business does take place, hard times have fallen on the timber trade and Kallai is just a shadow of its past.

Thusharagiri

True to its very name land and water have struck an extraordinary kinship at this destination. The three water falls in the backdrop of lush green forest is exhilarating and dumbfounding for every visitor. This natural beauty spot exists 11 kms from Kodenchery which is abound in plantations of rubber, coconut, pepper, ginger, and spices of all sort. This destination provides ample opportunities for young and old alike and challenging time for adventurers. Best season to visit is from October to March.

Kakkayam

A dam site of unique beauty and abundant wild life situate 45 kms. from Kozhikode. Kakkayam offers a Muscle flexing and challenging trekking and rock climbing through river path, enjoying numerous water falls. Best seasons for a trek is from November to April.

Peruvannamoozhy

The dam site 60 kms. from Kozhikode girdled with mountains is an abode of beauty, calm & serenity. Cruise in a speed boat or lazily walk around through thick foliage. A crocodile farm run by the forest Department situates close to the reservoir. There exists a 'Smarakathottam' within this reservoir bearing the heroes of nation building.

Birth Place of Kunhali Marakar

The Marakars were admirals of Zamorines. who valiantly resisted the Portuguese on high seas. Kunhali marakkar built a fort on the southern bank of Mooriad river which was completely destroyed by Portuguese with the help of Zamorins for various reasons. The place is known today as Kottakkal. It is 46 Kms. North of Kozhikode. A small hut belonged to Kunhali Marakkar with collections of ancient swords, canon balls and knives can be seen here

A Future prospect of Calicut tourism

The city of Kozhikode is located 410 kilometers north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. A good area of the district is covered by costal lines. The location of Calicut is Strategically important places which can easily connect the major cities of south India like Chennai, Bangalore, Ootty, Kochin, and Manglore. Calicut is enriched with cultural elements and rich natural. Kerala has included in ten important places that a man must see in his life time according to world tourism organization. So Kerala tourism is growing very fastly compared to the recent years. Now a days international tour operators are including Kerala in their tour or travel itinerary .This will also increasing the tourism scope of Calicut. Calicut attractions are facing a greater problem that is fractional distance between these attractions and here we can not able to see a well planned tourism. So if there is a new tourism corridors opens or a planned tourism establish this will surely effect the tourism scope of Calicut. Calicut is very adjacent with the tourist paradise of Kerala (Wayanad), so integrated tourism programs are needed to establish. There is a great possibility that, tourist who passing through Calicut is possible to visit attractions of Calicut too. The well accessibility through any mode of transportation is another plus point for the district.

The future possibilities of Calicut are a countless one. The geographical location and accessibilities are the advantages. Calicut has good tourism potentialities but it is not utilized fully so this potentialities will obviously work in future. The main possibilities of .Due to Mass tourism effect in wayanad the shining past is diminishing day by day, So It should be keep in mind by stake holders .The preservation of natural and historical centre should be undertake properly, there is need for study carriage capacity of different destination and allot tourist on that basis.

‘Nirdesh’ a naval ship building project of central government will place Calicut in international travel map. This will be Asia’s largest ship building project .If Beypore is developed as an international standard shipyard tourist arrival will increase and also it gave boost to the commercial sector also. Kochin, today is the place that most of the tourist prefer to come due to the accessibility if shipyard project establish in Calicut, Calicut would surely step back Kochin in tourist arrival.

The mushrooming IT hubs in Calicut will assist in the tourism development. IT jobs are banofied jobs with attractive remuneration in the other side it is a congested or tension full job so these professionals would like to spend their leisure time in a peace an clam full tourist centers. So this is another future advantage in tourism. Medical tourism development of Calicut region gave a positive effect to tourism. The Baby memorial, MIMS, Chest Hospital and IQRA hosts lot of foreign patients, most of them are belonging to Middle East region. Apollo hospital is going to start a new medical venture in Calicut; we know that Apollo hospital plays an important role in medical tourism. So the new hospital in Calicut will defently host more patients from abrode. Stable political system also an important factor for tourism development, Calicut always holds a stable political system. This is another advantage for tourism.

The world is now recovering from the financial crises so this will also gave a plus point in future tourism. It will help to stimulate the international tourism.

Beypore

Beypore –The cradle of crafting

Beypore is a small coastal census town in Kozhikode district in the state of Kerala, India. Located at the mouth of the Chaliyar River in Kozhikode district, Beypore, one of the prominent ports and fishing harbours of ancient Kerala was an important trade and maritime centre, there is only a hand shake difference from calicut. The place was formerly known as Vaypura / Vadaparappanad. Tippu Sultan named the town “Sultan Pattanam”. This place also has a small port and a beautiful beach. Beypore port is one of the oldest ports in Kerala from where trading was done to the Middle East. Beypore is also famous for building wooden ship, it is called Dhow, or Uru in the Malayalam language. These ships are usually bought by arab merchants for trading, fishing and now used as a tourist ships. TASARA creative hand weaving centre in north Beypore attracts visitors and students from all around the world. Chaliyar Puzha which is the fourth longest river in the Kerala state flows through this village.

Today Beypore is one of the major and important ports of Kerala after Kochin. Infact, speculation has been going around that the Government of Kerala is not developing the Beypore Port into a major port as it would completely render the importance of Kochi as a Metro City and Calicut would gain more importance and investments would pour in from outside. It is a well known fact that both Calicut and Beypore was in the ancient maps of the world before Kochi was known. The special skill on crafting made Beypore as a craft village of India, the efficiency of Beypore crafting is famous in ancient era too. There is also a specialized team exist in there known as Baraami, they are expert crafters and also they will manage heavy weight were larger Cranes are defeated to handle. Uru is the end result of craftsmanship 5 and 6 year is required to complete an Uru, now a days mainly these Arb ship were bought for tourism purpose, they convert it as floating hotel or a luxuriant showcase etc…

An historical over view

Beypore thronged first by Romans and afterwards by Chinese, Syrians, Arabs and in recent centuries by Europeans for trade. Beypore has long history of being a centre for shipbuilding since the first century AD, and it was further expanded under the East India Company during the early nineteenth century. The Indian Ocean trade started from ancient times and strengthened during the medieval times. This exchange of goods resulted also in transfer of people from their abodes. While it is mentioned that Malabari’s were found along African ports and even Egypt’s, it was mostly Arabs who migrated to the Malabar coasts, mainly to administer, control and conduct the trade with their brethren in Yemen, Basra and Egyptian ports. Beypore was virtually free port with only an export import duty imposed by the ruling Zamorins. The intermediaries between the Arabs and the Nairs were the Moplah’s (themselves a community started by the intermingling Arab men and local women from ancient times). The Arab settlers in Malabar even had African slaves during that period. Beypore was formerly known as known as Vaypura / Vadaparappanad. Tippu Sultan later named the town “Sultan Pattanam. Here was where in 1837, they found an iron box in the riverbed with a huge cache of gold coins with Ceaser’s face on them (some coins as old as 2 BC and some dated later to 50 AD). This it self shows that Beypore has a very good relation with ancient Chinese and Mesopotamians .It was great port during Zamothiries time, later Zamothiries defeat it controlled by east India Company during that time it becomes an important trade centre.Prince of Wales came and saw this beautiful land ,he also mentioned this in his biography .According to Captain Iwata, founder member of the Association of Sumerian ships in Japan, Sumerian ships might have been built in Beypore. There are evidences to prove that Beypore had direct trade links with Mesopotamia and was a prominent link on the maritime silk route. The first railway line of Kerala was started between Beypore and Tannure. Once the place was also famous for Arab marriages.

Attractions of Beypore

Beypore Port

Beypore port is a Sub-port of Calicut port and is situated approximately 10 km south of Calicut. It is an estuarine port, where Beypore River discharges into the Arabian Sea. Beypore is 180 km North of Cochin and 391 km away from Trivandrum. Beypore port is the second biggest port in Kerala after Cochin and currently handles about 100,000 tones of cargo per annum. We can also see the routine ships from Lakshadweep, it is very easy and less time is required to reach Lakshadweep from Beypore. People and visitors can visit the ship and spend time on ship with the permission of ship authorities. In the recent year a luxuriant ship comes and people also get the chance to see the ship, the name of the ship was Queen Victoria. We can also see lot of fishing boats, if visitors want they can have ride on them. The problem that facing Beypore port is the depth of sea. It has only a short depth so that it may be hard for larger ship to anchor on the Port. The Govt.authorities is planning to increase the depth of the project as a part of the Navel project ‘Nirdesh’. Nirdesh is a Navel ship building project going to start on Beypore port. It is second largest Navel project in Asia. So definitely this project will helps to place the name of Beypore in the international tourism map. The central govt. has allowed cores of rupees for the development of port as a part of this project. The port has an efficient role in the development of a destination. Kochi is having important position in tourism because Kochin can be easily accessible from any were in the world through flight and ship. So if the accessible point of Calicut improved Calicut has a higher chance than Kochi in tourism.

The Dhows of Beypore – Uru

The name Uru is associated with the traditional ship building culture of Kerala. And the art and science of making these ships came from the Arab world, some several centuries ago. The Arabs called them Dhows and they eventually became the traditional Arabian trading vessels. Centuries ago, Arab traders traced their way to the spice-scented shores of Kerala. And after coming to know about the availability of good timber in the forests of Kerala and also the presence of skilled crafts persons in ship building, the Arab merchants began to place orders for constructing dhows to the crafts persons of Malabar in north Kerala.

Located at the mouth of the Chaliyar River, historically, Beypore several centuries ago was itself a prominent port. At one stage in history, Beypore was also an important Centre for trade via sea, attracting Arab and Chinese travelers and later the Europeans. Beypore has a tradition of shipbuilding that is about 1500 years old. It once experienced great demand from Western Asia for ships, because of its fame as the home to excellent crafts persons. This shipbuilding industry at Beypore once had a healthy phase of growth until the invasion of iron and steel, posing a serious threat to its existence.

The Baraami’s were the ship builders in Beypore. Local teak wood was used for manufacturing the dhows. These Baramis can be traced to the Al Mukalla tribe in Egypt and struggle to continue the ship building in Beypore.

Beypore was where the great Urus and the tough Dhows were built. They were the mainstay of the spice trade between the sea coasts of Malabar & Arabia. Here was where master craftsmen (Maistry) or the carpenter breed called Khalasis crafted these wonderful ships with the aid of no modern tools like charts or instruments, but from memory & mental calculations. The old ships were crafted from Malabar teak but sadly now import a variety similar to Irul, from Malaysia for price reasons.

The Beypore area is today home to the Mappila khalasis, famous for their expertise in lifting heavy weights. Till today, when machines and bulldozers fail, the khalasi teams are called on. Using little more than a wooden pole used as a dower or winch and leveraged by hawsers and pulleys, they move and lift huge masses. The Mappila khalasis were traditionally employed in launching the 400 tonne Arab dhows built at the Beypore docks but now are masters in hauling heavy wrecks.

An exciting fact about the shipbuilding industry in Beypore is the way in which the craft are built and the variety which can be found. The flat bottomed zambuk, the majestic breek (both Indian and Arabian designs), the boom which boasts of an enormous cargo carrying capacity, and the bahala with its beautiful and intricate carvings and arches, are all made using traditional tools and techniques. Even more incredible is the number of people dependent on this industry. More than 500 families are directly and indirectly dependent on the shipbuilding industry. Special methods used from historic times were the use of wooden dowels instead of nails, use of coir rope and tar to seal joints etc.…

A remarkable feature of the technology of Uru making is that, there are no documents, work plans, technical data sheets or drawings right from the concept stage to completion. The construction details are assigned on a day to day basis to the assistants and carpenters by the master carpenter or Maistry. No electrical tools or heavy machines are used. The basic tools are the indigenous carpentry tools. All heavy lifting is done using elaborate pulley systems. The master craftsmen of khalasis apparently use certain Shlokas (or are they Arabic verses) as their guide to ship building. Even today, the formula of dhow making remains a closely guarded secret that is handed over from generations to generation. Today, only as few as four master craftsmen are left behind.

Various types of ships were built in Beypore. Some of them were: Boum , Padavu , Bireek , Kottiya , Sambook , Bahla & Pathemar . The Beypore ships were usually around 300 tonnes and sometimes 600 tones. Today’s manufacturing methods are slightly different Iron and copper nails are used. They used good quality cotton to fill the gap between woods. The construction of inside part of deck is done only at last.

The launching of a ship is a festive ceremony, attended by a large number of people. First, a prayer is said by the Qazi. When a Dhow was ready for launch wooden planks were kept up to appropriate height. The logs of the Puvathi tree serve as rollers are put on either side. Over these roller beams (Balus) strong enough to support the ship are kept. The gap between the beams and ship are filled tight with ropes. Then the ship is allowed to slowly move over the rollers with the help of rope and pulleys. In water they dip exactly up to the water mark earlier drawn by the Baramy. After the successful launch, a feast is laid out for all who have contributed to the ship building effort.

Today Beypore dhows used for tourism purposes, mainly these ships are exported to foreign countries. They use it as the floating hotel or a luxury showcasing thing etc…The place that make Uru has become a tourist spot. People from both domestic and foreign are coming for study purpose or to see this great wonder. It is constructed in the Banks of Chaliyar near to the sea on the Right side of Beypore – Cheruvannure road. Beypore town today is dotted with dozens of shops that sell model ships. The specialty is we can get the ship on the bottle. They construct the toy ship with in the bottle with out breaking the boatel. This it self shows that it is an excellent craft work of Beypore. Mainly tourists from different place came and take this toy ship as a memorable souvenir.

Beypore beach

Beypore beach is the one of the prominent beach of Calicut. The beach gave an cooling environment to the maind and boady.Here we can also see the magnificient beauty of Arabian sea. The beutification work of Beypore beach is done fantastically. But the carrying capacity of seat is comperitivly lesser than the mob.During festival season tourist flok to the area will increase. People can enjoy swimming in the area , there is coast gards who will guide and assist in swimming. We can swim according to their direction. Beypore beach is safest beach in Kerala we can have all adventurous tourism activities except Kayaking in the beach. Kayaking is only suitable for higher depth beach were sea will be higher than the land. Beypore is also a perfect place for Ayurvedic tourism. Recently a German tourist coordinator Ms Mery Tharessa came to beach and also she submitted a report to the tourism authorities . In that report , says that Beypore is the perfect place to develop beach tourism .She said that normally tourist likes to engage with health related activities like:- Solar d activities like:- Solar Yoga, Fish massage, Flower Bath, Fish bath, Sun bed, Sun bath and Kalari treatment. Actually these Ocean spa treatments are helpful to promote tourism. This can attract both domestic and international tourist.

Another attraction of Beypore beach is here we can enjoy the real taste of typical Malabar Cuisine . Food stalls near to the beach offering Malabar Cuisines - Famous for traditional Muslim food items, mainly sea food items (crab, prawns, lobster and shell creature called – kallummukkaya etc…

Pulimuttu

Pulimuttu is the local name of the 1 km long stone pier. It is made by piling stones like a pathway to sea. People can walk through this stone pier and also there is facility for take rust. Seating arrangement is in such a way that through which we could see the beautiful sunset. In festival season the crawdpulling of the place is just breathtaking one. A walk through this stone pier will refresh our mind and body. Surely this will be an unforgettable moment for tourist. In Pulimuttu now a day’s more than 500 people are coming, except rainy season. During rainy season visitors flock will reduced.

TASARA - Creative Weaving Institute

TASARA - It is an Institution dedicated to creative weaving, situated in Naduvettam Beypore. Tasara is a Sanskrit word which means weaver’s shuttle. The weaving program was started since in 1977.It is a family business running by Mr balakrishanan and his family .The Centre endeavors to deliver a contemporary touch to this age old form of art, by bringing together artists and weavers in an inspiring ambience, enabling both to break through the limitations of their own mediums. The specialty of weaving is they used olden method of weaving with the fine cotton. There is a higher demand in both international and domestic market. Here design work is done along with weaving. They produce all type of clothing, floor mats and bed & table sheet. It mainly exported to European countries. Many of foreign tourists are coming to study and watch this weaving. They also provide accommodation facility to foreign and domestic tourist who coming to study the weaving. Here we can see the perfect handloom weaving ability of weavers.

Gowdishwaram Beach

Gowdishwaram beach is an ideal place to send leisure. It situates 3 kms away from Beypore, there we can the Gowdishwaram beach garden currently run by a private organization. Today here more development work is happing the place becomes a good one for rust and relaxation. We can enjoy the sunset and walking through the beach with slight breeze. Here near to the beach we can resort named Gowdishwaram beach resort, to enter in to the resort area we need to pay a small entry fees.

Vaikom Muhammad Basheers house

Vaikom Muhammad Basheer(Beypore Sulthan) (born 21 January 1908 died 5 July 1994) was a Malayalam fiction writer. He was a humanist, freedom fighter, novelist and short story writer. He is noted for the pathbreaking, disarmingly down-to-earth style of writing that won both literary critics as well as the common man. He is regarded as India's one of the most successful and outstanding writers. Translations of many of his works into other languages has won him worldwide acclaim. His notable works include Baalyakaalasakhi, Shabdangal, Paaththummaayude Aadu, Mathilukal, Ntuppuppaakkoraanaendaarnnu, Anarga Nimisham etc. He was awarded the Padma Sri in 1982. He is fondly remembered as the Beypore Sultan.

His house is situated at Naduvettam in Beypore. Currently Basheers son staying there. It was a small tile roofed house. There we can see the chairs, pen, specs and his personal properties.Art and literature lovers can not miss such a great opportunity to see the house of their favorite writer. If an art gallery functions in the name of Basheer with these personal properties and other valuable art items that will definitely gave a boost to the tourism in the region.

Kadalundi an introduction

Kadalundi has a great and wonderful heritage and culture. Kadalundi is located at 18 kms away from calicut, We can get access to the place with bus or train (nearest station is Kadalundi and Feroke) and nearest airport is Calicut international airport only 25 kms away from the place. Kadalundi is a place where we can see the perfect mix of history, culture and nature. Kadalundi bird sanctuary now a days become a important trade mark of Kerala tourism. The new community project also gives new tourism ambition to the region. “Ente Grahmam tourism project” is a project established by Kerala tourism department to promote tourism in the state.The Panchayath is now trying to develop the place as a tourism island. So they gave the name of the project as “Kadalundi Tourism Island”.

Kadalundi has all possibilities of Agro tourism, Nature tourism, village tourism, safari tourism, monsoon, health tourism, pilgrim tourism and eco tourism or we can says that Kadlundi is perhaps the best or most apt place for all these developments. In the history Kadalundi known as ‘Bathandi’, it was ruled by ‘Chera king’ at the first and the place was also their administrational head. in 1531 ‘Parapanadu Janmi vamsham’ ruled the area. They welcomed Portuguese for trade, Portuguese made this a strategical important place to defeat Samuthiri .In the history it is says that near to the light house there was a great fort it was build by ‘Kujali Marakar’ later this fort was demolished by Portuguese.

We can also see here the oldest mosque of Kerala that constructed by the great muslim religious promoter ‘Malik Deepak’. Chaliyam also referred as a beautiful natural wealth by the great explorer ‘ibnubattutta’. He told that ‘Chaliyam’ is as wonderful as its people. Kadalundi host for lot of fairs and festivals ,Kadalundi Vavu utsavam is an important among them . People from different religion come and enjoy the festival. It is really a secular festival of Kerala. Kadalundi was once famous for its rope,it has an higher demand in both domestic and international market. Here we can enjoy the beautiful sound of singing birds, Sunset at Kadalundi Bridge, bio diversity of the costal area, Chaliyam light house and lot of religious centers. In short this place has a royal history and heritage that’s why tourist are increasing tremendously in this region. Once a tourist comes here he will come back definitely because the astonishing beauty will surely make an inner all in the mind of every visitors.

Kadalundi Mangrove Eco system and Migratory Fauna

Kadalundi is estuarine land caressed by coastal tides. Green mangroves adjoin mud flats during low tide. The area is winter haven to numerous migratory birds . The land greets train passengers while entering Kozhikode district from the south and bids adieu when traveling southwards. The natural beauty of Kadalundi estuary, Mangrove vegetation and the water spread areas which reflect the cocunt palms and nearby trees are relly splendid and matchless. Those who see and enjoy the sight once will remember same for ever.

This is an ideal place for public to enjoy their leisure time in the lap of the pristime green nature and to observe them at close vicinity. Kadalundi is 18 kms south of Kozhikode city. The Kadalundi mangrove areas and estuary falls in Vallikkunnu Panchayath of Malapuram Dt. The boundaries are Kadalundi river at east and north, west: Arabian sea and at south : Vallikkunnu Panchayath. The total area of Kadalundi estuary , water lands and mangrove eco system is about 250 Hectors. And the total area of mangrove forest alone is 27.87Hectors. The community reserve area is 153 Hectors.

Kadlundi river orginates from the hills of Cherakkambam, Flowing westwards nearly 130 kms , the river joins Arabian sea. The main tributaries of the river are Olipuzha and Velliyar. Here boat ride facilities are available on hire. The ride is absolutrly enchanting. The scenery of the dense vegetation seen from either side of the watercourse will really be a marvelous sight.The mangrove vegetation seen on our coastal lands are one of the rich repositories of the country’s mega bio diversity. The mangrove vegetation seen in Kadalundi area supports the species like achthus ilicifolius , Avicennia officianalis, Excoecaria agallocha, Rhizophora apicutlata, R-mucronata, Sonneratia etc. And they attract the researchers and nature enthusiasts for special studies. The mangrove play an important role as a nursery ground in the early stages of fish , Shelfish and other crustaceans . The local Panchayath authorities render financial help for the cultivation of mussels in Kadalundi river area.

Kadalundi is an important area for fishery. In addition to crabs, Prawns and mussels fish species like mangrove rednapper (chembally), Large scale mullet (Malan), Greymullet (Thirutha), Brown shrimp (Chudan Chenmeen), Tiger prawn (kara chemeen) , Solea (Karimeen) etc… are commen here.One of the main attraction of Kadalundi estuary and mangrove vegetation is the numerous migratory birds visiting seasonally from far away places. The important birds are different species of gulls and herons. Gull, Reef herons, Pond Herons, Tens, Plovers, sand piper, Sun birds, Bee eaters, Mynas , Pigeons , Parakeets etc can be sighted here at close vicinity. The ideal period for bird watching in Kadalundi is November, December and January. Kadalundi lying in our coastal line is lavishly endowed with natural scenic beauty and estuary , mangrove vegetation , bird population , seashore , river sides etc are ideal areas for sight seeing and natural education.

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Bird Sanctuary

Kadalundi bird sanctuary, 19 km from Kozhikode is home to more than a hundred varieties of native birds and over 60 species of migratory birds flock here in large numbers. The splendid sanctuary is spread over an area of 3 km, which accommodate several islands. The surroundings of the sanctuary make this place one of the most visited tourists spots. Set at an elevation of 200 m above the sea level, abound by the magnificent little hills, the sanctuary provides the heaven like surroundings. The adjacent splendid Kadulundipuzha river, which flows into the Arabian Sea, adds thousand moons to the beauty of the place. Mangrove forest surrounded by the Sanctuary is another attraction ,There we can see verity of mangroves .

The best time to see this sanctuary in all its glory is from November to April. To see the turtles it is necessary to explore in the forest department’s boat, as one has to move out into the open sea. Due to its location along the coast, the climate is excellent through most of the year. Visits should be avoided during the months of May to July as the area receives torrential rainfall during that time. A day trip from Kozhikode is enough to explore the sanctuary.

The sanctuary seemed to be a favourite location for the wealthier families of the area as we saw an endless row of extremely impressive bungalows bordering it Kadalundi town itself seemed like a small quiet place very typical of towns in this part of the country. It had a couple of small eating joints serving local cuisine. It is advisable to take along a small packed meal while visiting the sanctuary because if you are interested in birds or photography, people will hate to waste time walking all the way to the town and back. One would rather even spend the time just watching the fascinating territorial battles of the hundreds of crabs dotting the wall beside the jetty.

Fauna

Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary is enchanted by over hundred of native birds and it provides shelter to more than 60 species of migratory birds every year. The most famous species of birds, that you may find are � Malabar horn-bills, darters, kingfishers, terns, gulls, sandpipers, cormorants, darters, plovers, brahminy kites, whimbrels, herons, woodpeckers, black bulbul, jungle fowl, peafowl, myna, laughing thrush, egrets etc.

Apart from birds, here you may also find a large varieties of fish, turtles, mussels and crabs. During your trip be more cautious, because you may even meet the several species of snacks, such as cobra, krait and viper.

Community Reserve centre

This is the first and foremost community reserve project inograte at Kadalundi.Kadalundi community project is a project of the two panchayathe, Kadalundi and Vallikkunnu. The project was started during 2007.Mr Anil Marath is holding the chairman post of community reserve for last 5 years. Here community reserve means the preservation and conservation of eco system, it not only preserve the ecology but also the natural living of the human being in that locality. According to the Indian section 36(c) 1 it may be defined as “Where the community or an individual has volunteered to conserve wild life and its habitat, the state govt. may declare any private or community land not comprised within a National Park, sanctuary or a conservation reserve, as a community reserve, for protecting fauna, flora and traditional or cultural conservation values and practices”. It protects the heritage and social need of the human being. The projected area covers153.84acres.It projected area shares the border in north the right coast of Kadalundi river, in east there is Kottakadavu Bridge, in south the left coast of Kadalundi river and in west it shares with Arabic sea. The area is largest wet land in India, Which contains 5 different types of Mangroves,7 types of orchids , 60 type of birds,43 type of fishes , 40 type of butterflies , 25 type reptiles and 18 type of Mammals.

The community reserve protects these eco communities and also protects the interest of local people. Community reserve is managed by 6 member public steering committee. These members are selected by the Panchayath. The steering committee also welcomes the idea of local peoples and stake holders. The main aims of this project are the followings:-

· Protect and preserve Mangroves in the locality

· Plant more mangroves and trees in the area

· Prevent ecological hazardous tourism project

· Promote community friendly tourism

· Protect the bio diversity of the region

· Provide drinking water facility

· Boost Marian agricultural promotional activities.

· Establish good roads to the projected area

· Promote and protect the traditional employment of the region

· Establish a waste management system in the region

The term community reserve is a wider term,it protect the whole community it self. Tourism of the area also enhanced because people is not wanted to see the concrete buildings they wanted to see the naturally marvelous areas like Kadlundi reserve area. Community Reserve committee is planning to send an alternative proposal to central government to protect the regional interest and development.

Chaliyam Beach

Chaliyam Beach is another famous beach in Kadalundi, this is a fisherman’s beach. We can enjoy and experience fish catching from here. The lushing brown sand and coconut trees surrounded to the beach will gave a clam and cool atmosphere. There is no tourism development activities are done in the beach so that why we can say undoubtfully it as a virgin beach. Visitors are normally locals who come and take rusts during in the evenings. The greeny clam atmosphere surly attracts any one. If people wants to enjoy a boating in sea paying some money to fisher man’s we could have an enjoy riding in the Beach.

Light House

Light house is located on the beach side, near Chaliyam in Kadalundi. The period that constructed is not known but it is says that light house was there in British Era. We can step up the light house and can also see the entire Chaliyam – Beypore beach circuit from the top of the light house. It is still helping boats and ships to reach the land safely. The main attraction is construction, strong black rocks and red bricks are used for construction and western architectural style is another attraction.

Arakkal Palace

This palace was build by Arakkal royal family in pre independence era,The actual period was not mentioned in any where. Thalasseri was the head of dynasty of Arakkal family. They came here when Portuguese defeated them. The place was a safe one for them. Chaliyam area during that time ruled by Parpanadu Janmi tharavadu. It is says that Arkkal beebi and Ali stayed long time here. Today new generation of Arakkal is staying in the place. There is not much visual attraction for the palace; but a movement in Chaliyam Arakkal place defently brings back us to that golden period. We can also see an auditorium near to this it also owned by Arakkal family.

Hortus Malabaricus Sasya Sarvaswam-Historic' garden

Hortus Malabaricus Sasya Sarvaswam is a 24 acres of herbal botanical garden located at the cost of Chaliyar adjacent to the Forest Department's timber depot at Chaliyam near 4 kms away from Kadalundi, It was an historic effort of forest department and also from the government of kerala to recreate the losting glory of the state, today many of our traditional medicinal plants are getting disappeared ,so in oder to prevent this phenomena Govt. established this project, here recreation and re plantation of herbs which are mentioned in the book named Hortus Malabaricus are established. Hortus Malabaricus was a book wrote by MrVan Rheede and Itti Achuthan ,the pioneer description of Indian medicines .The goodness of Van Rheede in saving a dying heritage is a symbol of true statesmanship. The Dutch Governor of Malabar wrote the 12 volume ‘Hortus Malabaricus’ during the close of the 17th century and thus opened a new era in preserving Medicinal Plants with new dimension in Indo - Dutch relations. The work published from Amsterdam during the Colonisation period describes 742 plants and their uses. In this attempt of Van Rheede(Governor of the Dutch administration in Kochi), Itti Achuthan, a local Physician from his ancestral knowledge, explained the uses of Medicinal Plants.

The project was inaugurated by Forest Minister Benoy Viswom at Chaliyam on 2^nd feb 2011, It is estimated to complete the project with Rs. 10 crores and forest department also seek funds from Ministries of Environment and Forests, Health and Tourism, National Medicinal Plants Board, National Bio-diversity Authority, the Centre for International Heritage Activities, Amsterdam, UNESCO etc…

The sasyasarvaswam is an attempt to rejuvenate the 742 plants listed in Hortus Indicus Malabaricus, the park would be developed as a centre for students to learn about the biodiversity of the region. a snake park and an aquarium are also functioned along with this herbal park, These park are currently is in an initial stage ,government is also planning lot of developmental work related to this. The Forest Department under the

Government of Kerala proposes to establish a Centre for Conservation of Heritage Plants (CCHP) to Preserve and popularize the heritage plants. Visitor centre, display centre, main office, nursery, museum, resting place, stage, open air viewers’ gallery are the next developmental work that going to take place here.

With out any doubt we can says that this project surely help to promote tourism of the region. Today mainly students are coming from different institution for their study purpose. Currently there is no entry ticket is require to entre in the garden, the time for entry is 10 to 5.

St. Paul’s Church or Calvary Hills

St Paul church is located at Prabodini at Mannur 5kms away from Kadalundi, The major attraction of the church is the largest statue of crucified Jesus, the statue is largest in Asia. It was builded in 1936 by CMI missionaries. There is a great lamp on the top of the crucified Jesus which was set up to assist the sailors during olden age with the help of this they identified the costal area. Here we can also see the larger statue of St Francis Xavier and St little flower. Another attraction is unique statue of Jesus below to the crucified Jesus that is laying Jesus. The church is located in the naturally beautiful area, from the church we could see the long beach of Kadalundi. This is also a perfect place for relaxation; from there we could enjoy the cooling breeze coming from the beach side. Church festival is conducted in the first week of February month. Pilgrims from other districts and state were participated at each year. In this year they conducted a pilgrim’s congress as a part of its platinum jubilee.

Buddha temple

Buddha temple is located at Perugottu Kunnu near Mannur 7kms awy from Kadalundi. Here we can see the Buddhist shrine, it located in a naturally beautiful hill from we could see the whole Calicut city, Beypore, Kadalundi and also the Calicut airport, Calicut University. The temple is constructed at 1945 by a person called Narayanan .He was Buddhist devotee, who bought the Buddhist statue from Sreelankha. The Buddhist statue has 10 feet height and Buddha was in the teaching mode. The statue is made of pure marble. The entire temple is constructed with a single and large stone .Near to the temple we could see a pound and a gooseberry tree which gives a divine environment to the temple. There is also a Buddhist family lives near to the temple, this is perhaps the only Buddhist family existed in that area.

Puzhakara Palli

Puzhakara palli is an olden Muslim church located in Chaliyam in the banks of Arabian Sea. History says that the great Muslim follower Malik Dinar and his companions constructed this Mosque at1861.Malik Dinar was a grate Muslim religion promoter of 18^th century, he converted many people to Muslim religion. Still the mosque is standing with that glory. Wood and tile is used for the construction of the mosque and it is a typical Kerala style Muslim church .Here we can also see the historical religious book collection of Shihavudeen Ahemmed Koya. He was the religious adviser of Hyderabad Nissam and also the teacher of many great Muslim philosophers. He visited the mosque during 1946.So that’s why Puzhakara palli is a favorite place for the history lovers and students.

Jankar Service

Jankar is an alternative transportation system between Beypore and Chaliyam. It gave a life to the water transportation in the area. The first ‘Jankar’ service in Malabar was started between Ponnani and Tirur a year ago. It was well received and gave a significant makeover to the area on the transportation. The service will save around 10 kilometers for thousands of daily commuters and goods carriers to Kozhikode. Besides hundreds of passengers, the ‘Jankar’ can also ferry vehicles, including buses and lorries, weighing up to 150 tones at a time. The ‘jankar’ freight-service will also enhance the prospects of the ‘Kadalundi Tourism Island Project’ in a major way. “The ‘jankar’ service will ensure easy accessibility to the project area. This will definitely attract more domestic tourists to the region. The Journey with Jankar has a great trill we can enjoy the magnificent beauty of the Arabian sea and also experience the sea breeze during the journey. Currently to day it operated on BOT basis. The success of Jankar service making to compel the local authority to start a new service.

Boat service

The Boat service can be get from Chaliyam, for this we need to take ticket from counter. There are double ducker and normal boats. It operates by private person, the rate for a normal passenger in the double ducker boat is Rs75, for a normal boat it is 50.The boat cover the areas like Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary, Beypore, feroke and Vayoor in Malapuram district .The journey will gave an unforgettable experience if we lucky enough we could see the dolphin jump also. The journey covers the naturally wealthy areas in the coast of Arabian sea and Chaliyar River. We can also see a coconut tree island in Vayoor, which is a privately owned island and is worth to visit. The ride around this island will gave us a breathtaking experience.

Some private groups are cashing this great opportunity so this made think to the local authority. The Kadalundi grama panchayat has plans to introduce boat service at the Beypore-Kadalundi-Chaliyam area for tourists to explore river Chaliyar, they told that they submitted a proposal for authorities.

Vavu utsavam

Vavutsavam is celebrated at every October mid week. This is a great regional festival in the area. The festival is celebrated at Peediatu temple in Kadalundi. Normally in the festival day it is a public holiday in the region. There will be heavy rush in the festival time and also special services(bus ,jeep ,taxi)can be get from different part of the city because pilgrims are coming not only from inside the district but also from out side. Festival calibration are extends normally two or three days. There will be cultural and entrainment programs during the festival. Here we could also get at the chance to experience the royal ethnical sea foods of the region. The eye blowing crude for the festival are increasing day by day. The myth behind this temple is rejoining of a mother(Devi or known as Thampuratti) and her son (Jathevan) .

Tourism potential of Beypore-kadalundi

Tourism potential of Beypore-Kadalundi means what are the tourism possibilities of this region. The tourism possibilities are the real tourism opportunity that may suit to the location. That are explained as followings:-

1. Responsible tourism

Responsible tourism is a widely accepted tourism concept as name indicates; Govt. of Kerala is following policy for last 5 years. Responsible tourism may be defined as “It's a tourism or leisure activity implementing practices that are respectful of natural and cultural environment and which contributes in an ethical manner to the local economic development. It therefore favors the tourist awareness concerning his own impacts on the local territory and makes him an actor of his consumption”. In simple words responsible tourism is tourism that creates better places for people to live in, and better places to visit.

Responsible tourism is fast becoming a global trend. Operators, destinations and industry organisations in South Africa, the United Kingdom, United States, the Gambia, India, Sri Lanka, are already practicing Responsible Tourism, and this list is growing.

In 2008 the second conference on responsible tourism in destinations was held in Kochi, India. Strengthening the principle of responsible tourism outlined in the Cape Town Declarations , the declaration recognized that ‘responsible tourism is not a product ;it is an approach which can be used by travelers and holidaymakers, tour operators ,accommodation and transport providers , visitor attraction managers, planning authorities, national, regional/provincial and local government. An integrated approach is required, involving many stakeholders in any place or space which attracts tourists’. Responsible tourism and sustainable tourism have an identical goal, that of sustainable development. The pillars of responsible tourism are therefore the same as those of sustainable tourism – environmental integrity, social justice and maximizing local economic benefit. The major difference between the two is that, in responsible tourism, individuals, organizations and businesses are asked to take responsibility for their actions and the impacts of their actions

General Characteristic of responsible tourism

• Responsible tourism minimizes negative economic, environmental and social impacts;
• It generates greater economic benefits for local people and enhances the wellbeing of host communities, improves working conditions and access to the industry;
• involves local people in decisions that affect their lives and life changes;
• makes positive contributions to the conservation of natural and cultural heritage, to the maintenance of the world's diversity;
• provides more enjoyable experiences for tourists through more meaninful connections with local people, and a greater understanding of local cultural, social and environmental issues.
• It is culturally sensitive, engenders respect between tourists and hosts, and builds local pride and confidence.

Things that Responsible Tourism is not:-

• Responsible Tourism is not another form of ‘niche tourism’ – Responsible Tourism is about the legacy and the consequences of tourism – for the environment, local people and local economies.
• Responsible Tourism does not only take place in protected natural environments – Any tourism business, whether located in a thriving metropolis, a desert, rural village, sub-tropical island, medieval town – can be a Responsible Tourism operation.

Why responsible tourism development

Beypore and Kadalundi are tourism potential areas of Calicut, Unfortunately we can not see a planed tourism development in the region. The current tourism development would not give any positive progress to the tourism so that’s why the local people are not much aware of the tourism benefits. Economical, social and environment development will make the destination a perfect one. We already understood that responsible tourism is applicable in any where if it is village, urban area and sub-urban area in any where .So this type of tourism development will be prefect for the region.

Tourists themselves are becoming increasingly vigilant consumers. Recent market research by the UK’s Tearfund shows that more and more British tourists want to learn about the host country, reduce environmental impact and meet local people. Like this today tourists are more conscious about their travel. They may be getting satisfied if they know that their activity may not make any damage to the destination.

Responsible environmental practice has other benefits by reducing energy and water bills,sewage treatment and waste disposal costs. Good environmental management also

Improves the quality of a tourism operation’s surroundings, enhancing the overall experience for guests. Lastly, responsible tourism may well be a matter of survival. Local communities need to be meaningfully involved in tourism to perceive its benefits. Good economic practices can create jobs, stimulate entrepreneurship and boost regional economic growth. A responsible approach ensures that all sectors of society benefit from a virtuous tourism cycle.

Scope of development

Responsible tourism not only generates economic benefits for local people and enhances the well-being of host communities but also minimizes negative environmental, economic, and social impacts. It makes positive contributions to the conservation of natural and cultural heritage to the maintenance of the world's diversity and provides more enjoyable experiences for tourists through more meaningful connections with local people. Responsible tourism is most apt for the Beypore-Kadalundi region because we needed conserve the vibrant eco system and also the traditional work of the people. For example:- In Beypore Uru is one of the main tourist attraction in the region there are lot of people who depend on this work and fisherman’s work is depend up on beach that is another tourist attraction , like this In Kadalundi there also lot of people connected with rafting, fishing and rope making etc. So for, better tourism prosperity we needed to preserve the natural and cultural element of people. If local people once under stand the role of tourism in their daily life that will definitely makes a positive effect. It would create a positive attitude towards the tourist as a result tourism will get flourished.

Eco tourism

We are living in a global warming era so eco tourism has a greatest significant in the current contest .Ecotourism is entirely a new approach in tourism. Ecotourism is a preserving travel to natural areas to appreciate the cultural and natural history of the environment, taking care not to disturb the integrity of the ecosystem, while creating economic opportunities that make conservation and protection of natural resources advantageous to the local people by protecting the natural enviornment. Beypore and Kadalundi are blessed with rich flora and fauna, different kind of species, entitled migrant species, rivers, beaches and mangrove forest make it a unique one. Mass tourism will effect a destination very badly , the attraction can not able to get sustain but a planned eco tourism will make long life for the destination.

In simple words we can conclude that Ecotourism can be categorized as tourism programme that is - "Nature based, ecologically sustainable, where education and interpretation is a major constituent and where local people are benefited." Responsibility of both travelers and service providers is the genuine meaning for eco-tourism. Eco tourism is the only way to maximize the economic, environmental and social benefit of tourism. So this type of tourism is perfectly apt for the region.

Adventure tourism

Adventure tourism is a type of tourism involving exploration or travel to remote, exotic areas, in which the travel or activities involves some adventure elements. It is a rapidly growing tourism. Mostly youngsters prefer such type of tourism activity. This may include activities such as mountaineering, trekking, bungee jumping, mountain biking, rafting, zip-lining , rock climbing, Swimming, water scooting, boating, river crossing, paragliding, boating, rafting, banana boating , kayaking and riding etc… The study region has all the possibilities for adventure tourism. Adventure tourism will assist to attract more people to the place.

We can classify the adventure activities as two for the sake of the destination, Eco adventure activities and general adventure activities. Here Eco adventure activities make lesser impact in the ecology; it is most suitable for the highly fragile environment. General adventure activities are designed to the location were the effect of adventure activity will be lesser when we compared to others

For example:- Beypore beach is a part of harbor, so the beach is always getting congested with the heavy boats and ships , Here general adventure activities like Boating, Paragliding, Banana boating and water scooting will not makes any greater damage to the ecology. Kadalundi is some more ecologically fragile area so there we can develop the activities like river crossing, pedal boating, swimming, kayaking and rafting etc… which will not make any greater damage to the ecology. So both these place have all the potentials for the adventure activity and it is perfectly suit for the location.

MICE Tourism

MICE mean Meeting, Incentive, Convention or Conference and Exhibition and events. We are living in a global business world were meeting and convention are very common so MICE tourism has a greatest significant in the mean time. The developed countries like Switzerland, Canada and Singapore is giving priority to develop good conventional centers to make their country as a conventional hub. MICE tourism is usually planned by the travel agencies, tour operators and event teams. They arrange all necessary facilities to hold convention and also plan it with an optional vacation trip.

Commercial enterprises hold conventions during the lunch or introduction of a new product, Innovation, Rejuvenation, designing marketing strategy and to provide workshop for employees etc. Usually for this they search an unusual venue where all the facilities are available .Unfortunately India has not good conventional centers even though there are possibilities. Beypore and Kadalundi accessibility has a great advantage because people can get access easily through any transportation mode(whether through air, water ,rail and road). So if we develop a good sophisticated conventional center in the region, this unusual venue can attract lot of corporate people who working in the MNC’s both inside and out side the country. Kadalundi is perfectly suit for such a convention centre rather than Beypore because it has more availability of land and also the cool and clam atmosphere, greenery, picturesque location and attraction are the unique feature to set up a MICE centre.

Ayurvedic and rejuvenation tourism

Ayurvedic tourism is one of the important type of tourism in health tourism, It simply means tourists are coming for well health activities. People are living in a congested life so to get relaxation and rejuvenation they will prefer these Ayurvedic centers. Ayurveda is an ancient or traditional medicine developed in India, Herbs and plants are used as medicine in it, nothing artificial can be seen in the treatment, as a result there will not any side effect. This is why people prefer Ayurvedic treatment more. Rejuvenation treatments are the treatments that refresh the mind and body. The treatment like Yoga, Spa and Massaging etc… are used here.

Beypore has the all potentials to develop this place has an Ayurvedic centre, the statistic published by times of India magazine in 2009 shows that, the tourist number (who coming for healthy purpose) are increasing tremendously. Recently a German team arrived in Calicut (who came to study the costal tourism possibilities) they said that Beypore has all the potential to develop the place has a health tourism centre… Spa’s, Massaging centers, Ayurvedic centers and Yoga will decently work in Beypore. So by adapting we can stimulate the tourism in the region.

Tourism craft and handloom village

Beypore has a long year’s history in craft and handloom industry, so we can develop this place has a tourism village. Both industries like handicraft and handloom industries are the dying traditional industries of the state. If we establish such an alternative tourism plan this will not only boost up our tourism but also preserve the traditional work of the people in the region. In this craft village we should exhibits craft items and need to effectively market it own both inside and out side the country. Facility for accommodation also should have to be provided in the village.

Craft village also have the facility to study about making of craft items. The items produced should be exported to foreign counties, so this it self attract the tourist to the place. They would spend time here to study the secret behind this magical crafts of Beypore. Craft village is not a new idea it has been successfully adopted in the tourism states like Rajastan and Gujarath. In olden days Kerala craft items has a great and significant role but today we lost that glory to retain that lost glory , Beypore craft and hand loom village should play vital role.

Beach tourism

Both place like Beypore and Kadalundi are blessed with magnificent beaches, so beach tourism can perfectly develop here. Authorities are currently building concrete walk ways and seats but this will actually degrade the beauty of the location. There is no need for such artificial development. The alternative development for this is placing wooden seats, beds and Umbrellas (It is better that palm trees leaf or coconut leaf can be used to make a natural umbrella). This type of development will preserve the neutrality of the place and it also saves a lot of space from the artificial concrete development. Beach tourism trends are increasing because we are living in a hectic life so to get relaxation and rest people normally moves to naturally wonderful area like beaches. So it is better to adopt a nature friendly beach tourism development in the region.

Shopping Festival

Shopping are becomes now an unavoidable activity in every tourist centers. It is normally become the habit of people to buy some souvenir in the memory of the place they visited. Government also promoting this shopping festivals and events, they get tax collection and get direct monitory benefit from this. Shopping festival in Beypore is conducted in every year from the nearby Panchayath Feroke; the festival was a great success in the region. The cultural and entertainment program of Beypore attracts lots of people from different place. So it is better to conduct the festival with in Beypore rather than a nearby Panchayath (Feroke).

This festival will boost and stimulate the tourism in the region during off season , shoulder season or in the ending of peak time. Shopping festivals are becoming the attraction of all major tourism spots like: - Goa, Himachal, Rajasthan and Gujarat etc… This festival can show case the craft loom and traditional valuable items through the festivals. These festivals and events will motivate and refresh the dying traditional industries. The places are well accepted with road, port and flight so any traveler can get access to the place very easily.

Ethnical cuisine festival

Cusines may be different from house to house and place to place. Cuisine in Kadalundi and Beypore are influenced by the history and culture. Arabians , Chinese , Persians , Portugal and britishers come here , so their culture and elements also influenced the food and gastronomes practice . The western taste and flavors were introduced in Beypore by the ancient sailors and traders. The place is well known for its unique sea food items like red chilly crab curry , Fried fish and curry fish. Sea food in the region itself imply that it is paradise of food lovers.

If we arrange a food festival in the region. Festival could attract people and tourist ,People can also get an opportunity to taste ethnical flavors of the place. Currently Goa , Hyderabad and Mumbai is conducting food festival in every year with entertainment and cultural programs. They conducted this event in beginning of the tourist season or in the end of tourist season. So that the Goan fish curry and rice , Hyderabad biriyani and Mumbai paav vada is get famouses all over the world .

In olden times Calicut is famous for its ethnical dishes like Kozhikodan Biriyani , Banana Chips and seat meat Halwa. If we conduct such food festivals in Beypore or in Kadalundi our products and cuisine would get an international attention and name.

Pilgrim tourism

Piligrim tourism commonly referred to as faith tourism, is a form of tourism, whereby people of faith travel individually or in groups for pilgrimage, missionary, or leisure (fellowship) purposes. Beypore and Kadalundi both this place pilgrim potentials. Here we need an integrated development of all secular piligrim corridor. The ancient Mosque of Chaliyam puthiyaparmbathu mosque is established by Maliqu Dinnar is one of the important Muslim mosque in the region. Calvary hill under the control of CMI church is established during the Britishers time. Budha temple in Mannur and Peediyattu temple in Mannur are also an important pilgrim centers.

So there we have to develop a secular tourism corridor with the help of these temple, church and mosque authorities. In all pilgrim centers tourism broachers and notice have to be provided about the other nearby tourist and pilgrim destination. World largest pilgrim centre is Macca , lakes of people are going Macca. Pilgrim tourism may bring mass tourism in the region, this will negatively effect . So to control such mass tourism activity visitor’s management technique is to used.

Heritage tourism

Heritage element of this place and its important has told in the introduction chapter of Beypore and Kadalundi. Both this place were ancient silk root of trade and commerce. The currancies found in Beypore shows its evidence. In olden or past time the place had a strong connection with Mesopotamia , Greek and Roman countries . The ancient light house , Uru construction centre , Mosque in Chaliyam ,Arakkal Palace in Chaliyam ,Calvary hills, Godishwaram temple and Budha temple gives evidence for this . So it should be noticed to declare the place as the heritage tourism centre. People and tourists are not aware of its rich history and cultural background . In Kerala there are two heritage tourism projects are there UNESCO is also giving financial assistance to this projects ( mosuries in KOdugalure , Thalasherry heritage project). The success of this project shows that heritage tourism has a great tourism potential in kerala. .So if the authorities try to develop such tourism project this will defently boost the industry , as the primery work they have to plan for the Museum and art gallery in the region.

Monsoon tourism

The climatic condition of world is different from country to country. Climatic condition effect the growth of tourism . In wetern countires like U.K , Germany and Spain the worst tourist season is winter season . Now a days they are promoting this worst season as their premier attraction . This means they are promoting winter season through various activities like ice curving , ice festival and skiing etc…

Like this while we take example of Kerala , the off season time of Kerala is mansoon. This is a unique climatic condition found in India and nearby countries like China ,Bhutan, Srilankha and Bangladesh. SO we have to market this climate as an important tourism product. Kadalundi and Beypore have all the possibilities for the monsoon tourism. So the concern authorities have to plan the facilities like house boat or conducting the event like splash or trigger the rain etc. So this will help to attract tourist during off season.

Aqua Agritourism

Agriculture tourism means any agriculturally-based operation or activity that brings visitors to a farm , ranch or an aqua farm (fish farm). The concept of agritourism is a direct expansion of ecotourism, which encourages visitors to experience agricultural life at first hand. Agritourism is gathering strong support from small communities as rural people have realised the benefits of sustainable development brought about by similar forms of nature travel.

Here aqua argitourism means the tourist and visitors get opportunity to engage in the fishing activity of local people. Visitors have the opportunity to work in the fields alongside real farmers and wade knee-deep in the sea with fishermen hauling in their nets, Start farms for the fish feeding and participate tourist in the farm activity. The aquatic project in Narakkal at Eranakulam district is the planned eco tourism project established by Matsya fed . Beypore- Kadalundi has a good opportunity in the agri tourism , if this opportunity is utilized the place shall become the leading aqua agritourism centre of India .

Integrated Medical tourism center

Integrated medicine centre is a blend of naturopathy, chiropractic medicine, herbalism, traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurveda, meditation, yoga, biofeedback, hypnosis, homeopathy, acupuncture, and nutritional-based therapies etc.. So medical tourism will be the future tourism of the country because of the less coast, good exports and technology attracts tourist from the different place. Medical tourist can be come from anywhere , normally from rich first world countries like Europe, the Middle East, Japan, the United States, and Canada etc…This is because of their large populations, comparatively high wealth, the high expense of health care or lack of health care options locally, and increasingly high expectations of their populations with respect to health care.

Beypore and Kadalundi is perfectly suit for such health and medical tourism, geographical and climatic condition of the place is also suitable for the treatment. Integrated medical system provides the opportunity to tourist to choose his favorite treatment if it is herbal, Allopathic, ayurveda and Yoga etc… The centre has to construct in a traditional manner in the form of Nallukettu or Ettukettu. In India Banglore has an integrated medicine centre named SUKYA, perhaps it is the only well facilitated medical tourism centre n India. The tourist arrival to the place is increasing according to the statistic published in SUKYA web site. If the centre started in Kadalundi or Beypore this will be a great innovative development tourism work.

KITE festival

KITE festival is a major festival conducted yearly by different states like Gujarat and Rajastan. Today the festival ha got an international attention; there is also world Kite festival which has recently done in Kappad. Normally the festival is done in the beach side , wind is needed for the kite flying. It is also such an activity which will not harm or pollute the region. The people in Kerala has not much aware of such beach activities. If kite festival is conducted during the time of tourist season and marketed effectively, international and domestic tourists folk will be defiantly increase. People from different part of world will to participate to this festival. The Kappad international kite festival was a great success so Beypore can host this festival in better way than Kappad. The potentials of the place is suitable for such activity.

Development plan for Beypore and Kadalundi

Beypore is an exotic tourist place with lot of potentials. Rich flora and founa and historical background make this a perfect tourism centre. The tourist flow each year indicate that a good increase in the number of foreign and domestic tourist. In each year more than 70000 people are visiting the destination including foreigners. Arabic people flows to the place is another important focusing matter , we can says that it is a form of the ethnical tourism. Beypore is very familiar in middle east because in olden years it self people came here for trading and they have also a nostalgic relation with the place. Uru (big Arabic vassal) is constructed in Beypore so today also people (Arabians) coming to bought these vessels. The current development work that done in beach are the following: - Seating facility, Walking platforms, Lights and life grad facility etc….

Kadalundi is an naturally vibrant place with lots of cultural and historical wonders.

There is a good increase in the number of tourist when we compared to the previous years. Kadalundi bird sanctuary and Sasyasarvus is visited by the similar interest groups so that it avoids the bad effect of mass tourism. The pilgrim destination are the another main attractions so during festival season Kadalundi gets crowed full. The government is declared Kadalalundi wetland as the community reserve area which is largest mangrove protected area. So these potential make this a perfect place a suppurate alternative development is need in the region these can be explained in the planning steps.

Tourism is one of many activities in a community or region that requires planning and coordination. This bulletin provides a simple structure and basic guidelines for comprehensive tourism planning at a community or regional level. Planning is the process of identifying objectives and defining and evaluating methods of achieving them. By comprehensive planning we mean planning which considers all of the tourism resources, organizations, markets, and programs within a region. A tourism destination can mean an entire country, a region, village, an island, a resort area, or a single project. The tourism plan is generally a formal document to guide both public sector and private sector development activities. A good tourism development can bring total (economic, cultural, environment) prosperity to the region.

Here we are concentrating on local or community level planning here main focus should be the possible land used development.

Steps of planning

Like any planning, tourism planning is goal-oriented, striving to achieve certain objectives by matching available resources and programs with the needs and wants of people. Comprehensive planning requires a systematic approach, usually involving a series of steps.

1. Define goals and objectives

Obtaining clear statements of goals and objectives is difficult, but important. Ideally, tourism development goals should flow from more general community goals and objectives. The main aim of tourism in Beypore and Kadalundi should be total prosperity of the region through the tourism development. It is also needed to conserve the traditional work of people, historical and cultural sites and environment. So attain these objectives our plan should be a participative tourism development. In simple words the main focus is making it a better place for seeing and living.

2. Identify the tourism system

Identifying Your Tourism System When planning for any type of activity, it is important to first define its scope and characteristics. We already explained the tourism characteristics of both places like:-Natural and ecological, cultural and historical and we can begin to clarify the tourism system by breaking it down into three subsystems:
(1) tourism resources,
(2) tourism organizations, and
(3) tourism markets.

Ø Tourism recourses

Kadalundi and Beypore:-

Here we can see the large collections of different kind of resources they have been explained in the following:-

Ø Natural recourse:- the place is blessed with immense collections of the natural recourses they are explained as following

*Climate- Tropical climate
* Water resources- River and sea
* Flora- Mangrove forest, Herbal gardens, flowers, spices ,fruit giving plants and entitling orchids
* Fauna- Birds including migrants ,Fishes , Mammals, Crabs, Small animals, insects and reptiless
* Geological resources- Sand dunes , wetland, Beaches ,hills and rocks and minerals
* Scenery- Combination of all above

Ø Cultural resources:-

The following are the cultural recourses of Beypore are the following:-

§ Beypore:-Uru constructing centre, TASARA handloom weaving centre, Handicraft centers, Godishwaram temple (south Indian Kashi), church and mosque and Vikam Muhammed Basheers house.

§ Kadalundi:-Puthiyarabath Mosque, Padiyattu temple, Buddha temple, Arakkal palace and largest crucified Jesus church Calvary hills.

§ Ethnical sea food cuisines are the one of the main attraction of the both place.

Ø Human recourse , availability of capital and Infrastructure development

§ HRM-Skilled craftsman and weaving workers, Hospitable people, Fishermen’s, traditional workers Can be seen in the both place the newer generations education level is a satisfying one. Absence of skilled tourism professional are the another problem. So Govt. is needed to develop a tourism institution in the region to enhance the human resource.

§ Capital-Availability of capital: - Here we needed a BOT type development so that we can procure the required amount of capital. There is a limitation for the Govt. to race the found; If it is in public and private participation there we get a good result.

§ Infrastructure development:-There we need a good network of roads, Rails networks, Waste disposal and irrigation facility.

Ø Tourism organization

A total tourism development is only possible if there is a proper coordination between the public and private organization. We can not achieve the main goal with out this coordination. Even though with in the public organization we can see the absence of coordination between DTPC and local bodies. So this type of problem should be solved through the discussion and meetings. Kadalundi and Beypore is administered by different bodies by Panchayath and corporation, these destinations are located hardly 1km distance through boat service or Jankar serve. There should be a better coordination for a combined tourism development to the area, So there we need a better coordination. A suppurate Tourism body or authority should be established for the evolution, supervision and for the smooth going of the tourism work. Authority should be free from the political influence and a judicial magistrate should headed the authority. The tourism department also needed to hold the meeting of private organizations like:- Hotels & resorts, travel agencies , tour operation and different stake holders. In that meeting Govt. can ask their suggestions, identify the problems and find alternative suggestion for the development. Through this we could make a better coordination.

Ø Tourism Markets

Tourism Market is the combination of demand and supply factors they explained as under:-

o Tourism Demand Analysis - Demand analysis examines the existing and intended visitor markets for the destination. It involves a market analysis that examines the likely tourist arrivals and characteristics and the travel patterns and trends of the markets. Demand analysis is essential in understanding the competitiveness of the destination with other tourism destinations with similar attractions.

Here Beypore and Kadalundi are the places with potential demand that means people who could travel if motivated. The people will more travel toward the place when there is an increase in income, high population, More awareness, Low travel cost, better accessibility, Shorter travel distance and age also plays an important role here. Generally tourist are coming for leisure travel purpose, Europeans and foreign people are coming to study the culture and natural diversity of the place like bird sanctuary , herbal garden and beach etc…Arabians are coming for the ethnical or a nostalgic relation with Beypore like Uru and to see their ancient trade city etc…

o Tourism Supply:-

Tourism Supply Analysis - Supply analysis examines the destination itself including its attractions, accommodations, and facilities. The analysis should include transportation, infrastructure, human resources, and other factors which have a direct or significant impact on the quality of the visitor experience. Currently we can see the absence of the accommodation facilities in the area; Govt. should concentrate to develop an economical or budgeted hotel in the place. There is a need for improvement of transportation and infrastructural development which are already mentioned in the project.

3. Analyzing the current development:-

Present tourism facilities and activities in Beypore are mentioned below;

Facility or activity segmentation	Type of facility
Land based	Parking space, Walking platforms, seat arrangements, Beach view point, Tourist Information boards and lighting , life grad centre and light house
Water based	Jankar service , Shipping ,boating ,swimming
General	Leisure and pleasure, viewing sunset ,scenic beauty and photography
Cultural and entertainment	Uru constructing centre , Handloom centre(TASARA),Handicraft cenre, Godishwaram temple festival and Beypore Shopping festival

These are the present tourism facilities and activities of Beypore on the basis of the segmentation. Land based development base has been completed in Beypore. Without these basic developments we can not say the place as a tourist place so we can say that these are unavoidable tourism developments. Water based facilities like boating, Jankar service (alternative transportation system) are used by most of the visitors. There we can also see the cultural attractions but there development may not helps to achieve our ultimate goal that is ‘a better place for leaving and seeing’ so we needed an alternative development

Facilities and activities in Kadalundi:-

Facility or activity segmentation	Type of facility
Land based	Tourist information boards(Bird sanctuary) ,Botanical garden, zoo, walking platforms , lighting facility ,Seat arrangements in garden ,study centre and Coffee shop(Sasyasarvus Chaliyam)
Water Based	Jankar service, boating ,swimming and rafting
General	Bird photography ,viewing sun set(Chaliyam Beach),leisure and pleasure & Mangrove forest
Cultural and entertainment	Pediyattu temple (Vavu uthsavam is famous in the destination), Ancient Mosque in Chaliyam, Calvary hills Church (Asia largest crucified Jesus statue) , Budha temple (in Mannur) and Arakkal Palace.

These are the current activities and facilities of Kadalundi, so here we can see the visible absence of a good planned tourism. So here also need an alternative tourism development plan.

4. Generating Alternative development plan

Generating alternative development and marketing options to meet the goals requires some creative thinking and brainstorming. Tourism planning involves a wide range of interrelated development and marketing decisions. Beypore and Kadalundi are different characteristics neighboring places. So there we need a separate tourism development plan for both this place. Here we are explained dentally the alternative development plan for both place.

4.1Development plan for Beypore:

We already analyzed the existing development work of the place, to achieve a responsible development in the place we need to alter the existing plan. So they can be explained one by one in to the following.

• Land Based Development In Beypore

The alternative land Based developments are explained in the following:-

1. Parking area:-Beypore Beach is a destination where more than 500 people are visiting in a day during the seasonal and festival time. Parking is always the troubling problem in the destination. Currently Vehicles are parked in the corner side of the beach. The limited parking area would be usually a great headache to the common people in the area. During rush time traffic jams are often happens. So there should be a better parking place in the beach. The best alternative place is near to the cost grad centre (on the west part) there is a good plot under the control of State government, that was an olden ship cargo place but now it is shifted. We can convert this place as parking place, So that people can park their vehicle without any trouble.
2. Walking platforms

The current walking platforms are made by piling stones like a pathway to sea. There are also seating arrangements for visitors, lighting facility and tourist information boards. It is better that if we construct a view point and coffee shop at the end of the path way toward sea. People can then the sunset and enjoy the sunset there. The coffee shop should be operated on lease basis, provide lease to the locals in that area.

3. Tourist Information and refreshing centre:-

Tourist information centre should be established in Beypore, there shall also the separate refreshing centre for men and woman. It is better that centre should start in the current parking area near to the beach. People can get information about various tourism destinations in Calicut and nearest places. After swimming in the beach people can get fresh and change cloths in the refreshing centre. Here employment vacancies such as tourist interpretator and cleaning staff shall provided to locals. A small amount can charged for parking and recreational centre .So this amount can be used for the payment of staff’s.

4. Beautification works

Beautification work determines the slandered of beach, it gave visitors a visual attraction. Beautification work will do in the surface area, not in the beach area because we have to preserve the neutrality of the place (there will not be any artificial beautification work in the sand area).Surface area have to decorated with lawns and fountains, Seats and natural gardens etc…

Eco friendly beach chairs, beads and umbrella (coconut leaf or grass Umbrella) can be set up in the corners of the beach area. Police aid post for the help of tourist should be there. Waste bin boxes have to place in each place, fine should be impose for people who dump wastes in beach. beach cleaning staff have to be appointed , it shall entrusted to the local Kudumbasree unit. Beach cleaning averment programs is needed conducted with the help of the students in the nearby schools, college and non governmental organizations.

5. An Integrated medical Centre:-

An integrated medical centre near to beach is a good tourism proposal. Now a day’s most people are likely to travel for their health treatment. The Integrated Medical Centre (IMC) is a unique concept in healthcare, where doctors have blended conventional, complementary and traditional medicines, to produce safe and effective treatments for people.Where we integrate the traditional treatments and rejuvenating exercises like:- Allopathic ,Homeopathic ,Ayurvedic , Unnani ,Sidha ,Yoga (solar Yoga) , spa and massaging (fish massage, oil massage). Mery Tharessa a German tourist expert recently said the wider scope of such tourism development in Beypore. This will also gave a new face to Beypore in the medical development so local people can also get benefit from it.

6. Tourism Craft village:-

A tourism craft village should established in Beypore, it gives employment opportunity for the traditional craft workers; this is also a better platform for the promotion of their products. The land availability problem is a greater problem faced by Beypore so with in the limited land we have develop this craft village with help of destination architects. It is better that the location should be near to the Uru and weaving centre in the bank of Chaliyar. A suppurate development plan should be established by the Govt. with help of stake holders. It is better that the work should be done on BOT basis because for the development we need cores of amount. It is difficult for the Govt. to race such a large fund.

• Water Based development:-

Beypore is surrounded with beaches and water the following are the suggested development plans for Beypore:-

1. Water Adventure activities:-

Adventurous activities are the shining characteristic of every famous beaches of world. There are activities which may case ecological damage to a beach destination. It is advisable that adventure activities are not allowed in a highly ecological fragile environment area. Beypore is a Harbor city so lots of ships and boats serving to port, here water adventurous activities such as boating and water scooting will not damage the environment compared to the larger commercial ships and boats.

Boating, Paragliding, Banana boating and water scooting are advisable tourism to the place. Local people should provide traing for riding these adventures equipments; this gave employment to the local people. Private parties shall be invited for operating such activities.

2. Floating Gallery and stage

In the years back Beypore was well known for ship building, peoples from middle east, Asia , Europe came here to bought ships to their countries. Arabies gave the basic idea for the construction of ships; these Arabic Vessels are known as Uru. Today also there is greater demand for Uru in foreign countries . Beypore also famous for its rich culture and heritage , the famous Malayalam novelist Basheer lived in Beypore .Vadakkan kalari (a typical Kerala martial art) flourished here in olden times. the cultural artistic perfomans like Thira , Kolkali, Defmootu ,Vattapattu , Mappilapattu and opanna is famous in the place.

Even though the place has such historical and cultural background we can not see a art gallery or a performance stage or platform in any where in Beypore or Calicut. So here we are blending the whole elements. A floating stage and art gallery will be an unusual venue in the world to showcase these cultural and historical elements. Uru can be used as the floting Vessel; with in that there will be suppurate facility for coffee shop, Library (Basheer’s books, biography and also personal properties have to exhibit). Artistically performances have to take in each day; the stage will host the traditional and classical art form of the country.

3. Kayaking training centre :-Kayaking training centre has to be developed in the place, Chaliyar river side (in BC road) can be used for this .Sport authority of India has to take necessary step for the centre. This will not only bring lots of new talented bloods in to the sports filed but also it attracts tourist from different place. The political system has to operate jointly to establish this center in to Beypore.

• Air adventures activity:-Paragliding is the possible tourism adventure activity in Beypore. During festival season (Beypore festival) naval academy of kochin performed the activity in Beypore. The developed tourism spots like Malaysia and Singapore provide facility for paragliding in beach, like that we could also develop this. It is better that Kerala Yuvagana Shahasikha academy under the control of the Govt. has to introduce this plan in to the beach. There should be expert staffs and technicians who should take care of this activity. The initial expense shall be contributed by the Sahasikha academy.

These are the advisable tourism development plan for the region.

A Responsible tourism development plan for Kadalundi

Kadalundi need atypical responsible tourism alternative this can be achieve through the following suggestions. Increasing biotic pressure from the local community is always a threat to management of the eco system and protected areas. At the same time , the local people living in and around the protected area also suffer on account of denial of the bio-resources in the area, as well as damage to crops and livestock from wild animals. Responsible tourism is a strategy to overcome unsustainable and incompatible recourses use practice by the dependent communities for their livelihood in and around the protected area through participation of various stake holders. In other words it is ecologically sustainable economic development of the people based on the sustainable utilization of the renewable recourse by adoption of site friendly packages of measures. At the same time eco system of Kadalundi is the most productive ecosystem in the planet guiding the benefit of the nutrient cycling of both terrestrial as well as marine system. Therefore, understanding of the system and its importance is very useful to the people and awareness building among the people around mangrove forest is necessary. Educating people around the reserve about the importance of conservation of mangrove ecosystem and its natural recourses.We needed to conserve the traditional work of the people in the region , and also plan secular pilgrim corridor in the destination which may connect the famous temple, church and mosque (Hindu, Christian, Muslim, Buddha) of the place.

The following are the development works suitable for the place:-

· Land Based development

1. Tourist information centre

Tourist information centre or interpretation centre will assist the tourist in their activity. Information centre will provide the complete information about a sight. Currently the construction of information centre is started in the area. Along with that a recreation centre is also need for tourist rest and refresh. This also gave employment opportunity to local people as tourist interpertator cleaning staff and local tourist guide. The proposed centre can start near to the sanctuary.

2. Hotel and coffee shop

One of the greater problem of Kadalundi is absence of accommodation facility for tourist. Accommodation is an important component in the tourism. A developing tourist destination needed accommodation facility so Govt. has to plan an accommodation center in the area. It is better that the unit should start in the nearby local place like Venmani or Kadukapara. There we can get the land availability for hotel. Coffee shop have to be started near to the sanctuary. Permission for coffee shop should be granted for locals so that they can get income through this.

3. Beautification work

Beautification work shall done by the local body of the place, due to the absence of sufficient space there we shall have to plan the limited land required beatification work such as gardening , lighting, and seat arrangement etc…This will surely gave an extra beauty to the destination.

4. Walking platforms

A walking wooden platform towards the estuary of Kadalundi will be a great tourism development plan. The platform should be made of woods, so people can see the migrant birds very closer. There we have to plan lighting and seat arrangement in the Walkway. The platforms should be arranged in the circuitous manner with in the estuary so this will gave a visual attraction to the tourist.

5. photo gallery in the sanctuary

We have to plan a photo gallery which exhibits the importance of the migrant wild life and it gave awareness program for tourist. It should be started in the upper building of the tourist information centre; this also gave employment opportunity for educated youths in the area. The specialty of each bird, their biological name and the detail should exhibit in the sanctuary. The total cost of project has to be undertaken by the DTPC and tourism department with help of stake holders and non governmental organization.

6. Beach development work

Chaliyam beach is one of the regional beach in Kadalundi has lot of tourism potentials and possibilities .It is unexplored beach for outside world, only famous in the local region or territory so that we can say that it is a premier virgin destination in Kadalundy. The lushing greenery and chilled costal environment make this place has a unique one. So all beach developmental activities like in Beypore can be done here. To upgrade the destination we needed to introduce the activities like: - tourist aid post, Beach beds and umbrella, lawns and fountain, children’s and resting place park , etc…

7. Beach or marine aquarium and research centre

Aquatic specious are exhibited here. The best suitable place for this is Chaliyam beach. There is no aquatic research centre in Kerala so if Govt. started such marine research centre, this will be an innovative effort. The tourism authorities also seek fund assistance from the marine and fisheries department. We can follow the model of Anaheiam aquarium in California. Where the aquatic specious are exhibited in the big glasses. So if govt. is trying to establish such a large venture in the area this will be the first and foremost in India. The local community also gets good benefit through this.

Water based development works:-

1. Pedal Boating and rafting:-

Pedal boating through the wildlife sanctuary area will gave a refreshing feeling to every tourist. Pedal boating will not harm the water ecology. Currently in the estuary there are private motor boats it will pollute the water and also disturb the migrant fauna in the region. Pedal boating is adivasable to the place. It is better that the private organizations have to contribute the boats for the place.

Rafting facility also preferable one for the destination, we can follow Kuruva Island’s rafting system to the area. Local people also get benefit through this.

2. Swimming and fishing

The activities like swimming and fishing have to be allowed in Chaliyam beach. Chaliyam beach is fisherman’s beach so fishing with them will gave an unforgettable experience for the tourist. There are safe places for swimming in Chaliyam beach; it should be informed to the tourist. It is better that posting life guards and tourism police in the beach.

The place is ecologically fragile area so water adventures sports activity is not suitable for the destination.

5. Evaluation of the alternative and monitoring

Tourism development and marketing options are evaluated by assessing the degree to which each option will be able to meet the stated goals and objectives. The care should be taken to implement and the micro plan for different stake holders addressing the whole problems faced by the community. The monitoring and evaluation of the micro plan should be carried out at regular intervals and a committee can be constituted for the same.

There are usually two parts to a systematic evaluation of tourism development and marketing alternatives: (1) Feasibility analysis, and (2) Impact assessment.

1. Feasibility analysis

It is analyzing the plan if it politically, socially and economically accepted among the public or not. The physical plan for Beypore and Kadalundi will be possibly accepted, before introducing this plan we needed to conduct a tourism awareness classes in the area. So that people can understand the social and economical benefit to the place. The planned tourism activities will not damage and make trouble to the destination. Instead of that it preserves the local culture, custom, traditional work and enhance the economical baground of the region. So it will give a total prosperity to the region.

2. Impact assessment :-

Here we are evaluating the positive and negative impacts, in this project tourism is planned in such a way that reducing the negative impact and maximizing the positive impact of tourism. The activities are planed in such a way that it will not harm the environment. The impact can subdivided in to various heads like social, cultural, environment and economical .This positive and negative effects can be clearly understand only after the execution of the project.

SWOT Analysis

It is a straight forward technique commonly used in management; each letter stands for strengths, weakness, opportunity and threats. It leads itself well to tourism development and management. So it is an important analytical tool for a destination, through this study we can able to understand the strength and weakness of a destination. The following are the SWOT analysis Beypore-Kadalundi Region.

Strength

Kadalundi and Beypore are located in a naturally vibrant area which includes wet land, mangrove forest , small hills, beaches, river and rich flora and fauna etc…People from any where in Kerala can easily access to the place through rail, road, flight and also through port. Accessibility gives a great strength for the location. Calicut is a developing city and we can also see lot of attractions in Calicut these nearest attractions plays a key role in the tourism development of the area. Kerala enjoys pleasant climate through out the year. People have a positive aptitude towards tourism and tourist; they well bothered about the benefit. Historical important place and oldest religious centers make this a unique combination. Beypore beach is calm and quite for swimming and adventure water sports. The ethical and magnificent taste of Malabar cuisine is another attraction. Local bodies are giving special focus to develop this place so they are conducting lot of tourism studies to understand the possibilities. Even though it is an upcoming tourist destination, the great advantage that we can see apart from other tourist destination is the absence of price discrimination. Here local people will interfere if such malpractice noticed.

Weakness

The main disadvantage in these area are the absence of good accommodation facility for tourist, they have to depend on town area for better accommodation. Narrow road network to Kadalundi and also there is no good road to reach the bird sanctuary. Absence of a planned beautification work is another draw back. There are no tourist information centers in the region. There is no ticket counter in bird sanctuary and in the herbal garden Sasyasarvaswam. Lack of parking place is another disadvantage. The waste management in Beypore area has to be improved. Absence of effective marketing is another draw back. The Key problem of the region is the lack of space for tourism developments. The sign boards are not placed in the main junction. Lack of quality shopping and recreational centers is a major problem. There is only a less volume of foreign tourist are coming. Here we can see the shortage of founds in implementation of tourism projects. It is also clear that there is an absence of planned tourism development with the help of expertise.

Opportunities

Kadalundi is an ideal place where we can develop responsible eco tourism, Ayurvedic tourism, pilgrimage tourism, MICE tourism and also develop this place as an ornithology research centre. Beypore has the potentiality of Beach tourism, adventure tourism, Recreational & health tourism (Ayurveda, yoga etc…) and Industrial tourism (Handy craft, Handloom and tile etc…).The upcoming central government ship construction project will change the face of the place. The increasing NRI investments in the tourism sector of Kerala will also a great advantage. The brand image of gods owns country and vast development of rural tourism gave a positive chance for the tourism development. The upcoming railway network will play an important role in the tourism development.

Threats

Seasonality is the main treat that the region is facing, especially in monsoon time the numbers of visitors will less. The migrate birds also comes in the winter season. So this is a major barrister for tourism development. The financial assistance is needed for the tourism development of the place; government is providing a limited or fixed fund for the developmental work. The lack of infrastructural development in the place. Absence of professionals is another great threat. There should be needed a better coordination between governmental institution and organization. The Community reserve area of Kadalundi lays between two districts so there is a need for a political coordination in the development of tourism. Fractural distance between different tourism attractions in Calicut makes ignoring this place. Beypore and Kadalundi are administered by different local body one is under Panchayath other by corporation, so we needed a coordinated work of this corporation and Panchayath to develop this region as a tourism potential area. These are the main threats faced by the Beypore – Kadalundi region.

Marketing of Beypore and Kadalundi

Marketing is necessary for the development of any tourist place , with out marketing a place or destination can not develop properly . So destination marketing means, a proactive, strategic, visitor-centered approach to the economic and cultural development of a location, which balances and integrates the interests of visitors, service providers, and the community. It is very difficult to market a destination than a product, because a product is tangible and visible but there are lot of limitation for an intangible service. A service is the action of doing something for someone or something. It is largely intangible (i.e. not material). A product is tangible (i.e. material) since you can touch it and own it. A service tends to be an experience that is consumed at the point where it is purchased, and cannot be owned since is quickly perishes. For eg:- A tourist coming to the Beypore and Kadalundi get a wonderful treat as they expected , normally they would like to return to the place. This is cal service marketing; we can say that it is an internal marketing.

Before marketing the product it is important o know the present condition of the product. In other words we can say that where the product stands in the product life cycle.

Present Product life cycle annalysis of Beypore and Kadalundi

The term tourist destination means a country, state, region, city , village, natural , man made or compound attraction or town which is marketed or markets itself as a place for tourists to visit. In marketing , product life cycle describe the evolution of a product as it pass through various stages like introduction , growth or development , maturity and decline. The place like Beypore and Kadalundi also pass through this life cycle. We needed a better life cycle analysis for a better marketing and the marketing should need to be unique. Beypore and Kadalundi is today standing at the developing stage . In introduction stage the destination (Beypore – Kadalundi) begins as a relatively unknown and visitors initially come in small numbers restricted by lack of acess, facilities, and local knowledge. Only small number of visitors from western countries and domestic tourist only came to the place. Arab groups are the foreign groups visiting during that time, in olden time tourist from different countries were visit the place at that time the destination was in a peak stage. Then after that decline started in ending British era (according to the Souvenir published by development mission). Beypore and Kadalundi only visited small domestic groups during that time. To day the situation is changed the development work started, the place accessing is increased and people are bothered about the historical important of Beypore. Then the destination is move to the next stage that is developing stage. To day the tourist and visitors folk is increased according to the statistics of DTPC.

Here the above figure shows that the product lifecycle diagram , Beypore and Kadalundi is positioned at the second stage that is development stage .Here Visitor numbers increase, local businesses start providing services. As the visitors keep coming, more businesses enter the market which is now becoming profitable. With increased competition prices being to fall enabling a different type of customers to visit the country. So while analyzing this factor we can say with out any doubt it is in developing stage.

General Characteristics of other stages:

Maturity

As the destination becomes more popular and the infrastructure begins to take shape, a few tour operators become interested and organise package tours to the country. Brochures become available at travel agents, advertisements appear in the media. Competition between businesses is at its maximum, prices fall and so do profits.

4. Decline

Sales go down as the country goes out of fashion. Profits are low, businesses may leave the market or diversify to other types of product. Because there is less business in the tourism market, prices increase, thus accelerating the decline. The destination will face a declining market and be unable to compete with newer destinations or destinations who better meet the needs of the modern tourist.

Rejuvenation

If major changes are made such as improving the environment, better marketing or the addition of more attractions for example then the place may experience rejuvenation. Here in decline stage there is two options for the authority first one is make the destination some changes according to the latest tourist trends and gave a new face, second one is wind up or close the destination and develop a new destination.

Who is the target customer?

Marketing plan gives structure for every business organization. Before designing a marketing plan we have to consider who is the target customer of the place . The target customer can be found through the observation and analyzing the general characteristic of the place. The geographical analysis of Beypore and Kadalundi says that it is a land covered with beaches , rivers, estuarine ,cultural centers and pilgrim centers . The prime attraction of Beypore is beach and Uru construction center, Kadalundi prime attraction is Bird sanctuary. So both this place are normally like to visit by teen and middle age groups. While we annalysing the most of visitors on the basis of observation both this category can be seen. So the targetcustomer of the destination should be youth and families between the ages of (20 – 40).

Understand the Current trends:

Next important step of marketing is to understand the current market trends, what are the current trends in tourism. The possibilities and development plan have explained in this project very detaily about the current tourism trends and their importance. Youth and middle aged people would like adventure water activities, natural studies , cultural centers , art and art galleries etc… So we have to analysis this trends and these new trend have to market among the target customers.

Slogan design

Marketing slogans are short, often memorable phrases used in advertising campaigns. They are claimed to be the most effective means of drawing attention to one or more aspects of a destination. Beypore- Kadalundi area was a proud full ancient history, it can be cleared from the introduction part of the project so the slogan for the places are “Beypore and Kadalundi were Past meet the present” This slogan implies the proud and rich history of the place; it is easy to remember and make the customer interesting.

How to reach among target customer

‘No company can operate in every market and satisfy every need. Nor can it always do a good job within one broad market’ this is basic principle of target market. Effective method should be adopted to market a destination, these methods and technique plays an important role in the marketing of a destination. The response of customer or tourist will be on the basis of this marketing. So a unique marketing technique should be adopted. There are two of methods to reach the message effectively. Internal and external marketing, they are explained as follows:-

Internal marketing of Beypore – Kadalundi:

In general internal marketing means ‘a process that occurs within a company or organization whereby the functional process aligns motivates and empowers employees at all management levels to deliver a satisfying customer experience’. The key concept of internal market is that ‘a satisfied tourist is an asset to the firm’. The employees in the destination like: - tourist interpreters, guides, cleaning staff, cost guards and other government and non government officials have to behave in a hospitable manner towards the tourists. This satisfied one will be like to come back the place again and also campaign for the destination orally. This campaign may effect strongly than other marketing techniques. The authority has to gift souvenirs for the premium customers like foreign tourist and travelers. For e.g.:- A key wooden key chain with the name of destination is given so this it self a marketing campaign.

A good internal marketing can only build up by proper education, training and motivation. Training facility is needed to give periodically to the Gov. and non governmental people working there. Awareness program and class about the importance of tourism also have to conduct among the local people in both the destination. These education programs among the officials and locals will surly influence the tourist and their hospitality will promote the destination. If there conduct special events with in that destination with a good message it can also be referred as an internal marketing, for e.g.:- A global warming awareness program conducted in the destination with cultural and entertainment program. So like this any marketing activity with in the destination can be say as internal marketing.

External Marketing

External marketing may be simply defined as the marketing out side the destination. External marketing is a form of marketing that reaches its audience directly through multiple channels including email, direct mail, social media, catalogs, online advertising, interactive television, books, newspapers and magazine etc. External advertisement is an expansive method. Beypore and Kadalundi places have to be marketd out side to the targeted audience. The youth to day more using internet for any referral so first up all a webpage is to be designed for the place. Web page, blog , social communities help to market the destination to the customers or tourists.

The destination has to market through the new paper by covering special feature about the destination. Travel journals and magazine also plays an important role here. So travel interested people could normally read such articles and they may choose the destination for their trip. Travel agencies and tour operators also plays an important role here, Govt. authorities have to set up a better coordination between travel agencies and tour operation. The domestic travel agencies have to be consulted by the tourism authorities and needs to provide broachers and bulletins about the destination.

Public relation activity also help to develop the destination, media interviews, press release and press meeting related with the developmental work of the region by the concerned Govt authorities would help to promote the destination in a better way.

Road shows and events on special days also attract the people to destination. For e.g.:- A bike road show is conducted with a moral caption boycott plastic by the tourism authorities, so this will help to catch the attention of people.

These are the internal and external marketing techniques, even though there are many techniques for marketing the best way to market a destination is ‘satisfying a customer’.

Analysis and interpretation

This chapter representing an explanatory analysis of tourism development plan of Beypore and Kadalundi based on primary data collected from visitors and authority. Questionnaire is the technique used to collect data from visitors and officials. Questionnaire is distributed among 20 tourists and 10 officials. On the basis of these questionnaires graphical analysis and interpretation is done. Major analyses are showing below.

A. Questionnaire distributed among tourist

1. Age wise classification of respondents

Age	Respondents	percentage
<20	4	20%
20-30	10	50%
31-40	5	25%
41-60	1	5%
>60	nil	nil
Total	20	100

Source: Primary data

Interpretation:-

Here ‘x’ axis’s shows the age and ‘y’ axis’s shows percentage. In the above chart it is clear that 50% of respondents were in the age between 20- 30, it is the age of maximum number of visitors. The least number of visitors were in the age between 41-60, there are only 5% visitors. Above 60, there is no visitor. This Graphical presentation shows that most of the visitors and tourists coming to the place are youth. So younger peoples are more interested in beach tourism activities.

2. Sex wise classification of visitors

Sex	Respondents	percentage
Male	15	75%
Female	5	25%
Total	20	100

Source: primary data

Interpretation

In the above pie diagram, 75% of people or respondents were male and 25% female. So this study shows that more male people would like to come to the places than female. So it is candied that Male sex young people have an higher chance of travel compared to any other groups.

3. Nationality and City

Nationality/city	Respondents	Percentage
Foreigner	1	5%
Calicut	12	60%
Other states and territory	2	10%
Nearby Districts	5	25%
Total	20	100%

Source: primary data

Interpretation

The above diagram shows that 60% of people coming to the place are with in Calicut, 25% of people are coming to the nearby districts like Malappuram, Thrissure and Palakkad. There is also data collected from 2 Lakshadweep peoples and 1 Arabic person. Mostly domestic or local people with in the district are coming to the place compared to others.

4. Do you like the place Beypore and Kadalundi?

	Respondents	percentage
YES	20	100%
NO	Nil	Nil
Total	20	100%

Source: primary data

Interpretation

Here in the above diagram people had a positive response towards this question.

The information collected from the visitor’s shows that Beypore and Kadalundi is one of the ideal place for tourism and full number of respondents like the place.

5. Is it the first visit or not

	Respondents	percentage
YES	5	25%
NO	15	75%
Total	20	100%

Source: primary data

Interpretation

This shows that most of the people visited the place more than once or in other wards repeated visit can be see here.75% of people are visited repeatedly to the place, the remaining 25% people are visiting as first time to the place. So most of the visitors were familiar to the destination.

6. Absence of better accommodation

	Respondents	percentage
YES	14	70%
NO	6	30%
Total	20	100%

Source: primary data

Interpretation

In the above diagram we can see the absence of better accommodation, Here 70% of people has told that they find the absence of accommodation and 30% people satisfied with the current accommodation facility of the place. This questionnaire shows that majority of people wanted to stay in Beypore and Kadalundi but there is no better place for the accommodation as they like.

7. The purpose of Visit

The purpose of Visit	Respondents	Percentage
Historical and cultural	1	5%
Beach and natural beauty	9	45%
Bird watching	3	15%
Leisure and entertainment	6	30%
Other	1	5%
Total	20	100%

Source: primary data

Interpretation

Here in the above chart X axis’s shows the Purpose of visit and Y axis’s shows the percentage. 45% of people (majority) are coming for to enjoy the Beach and natural beauty of the place. 30% of respondents just behind are coming for the leisure and entertainment purpose. People coming for Bird watching is 15% (data collection were done in the off season time).The remaining 5% are coming for historical and cultural purpose (Foreign tourist) and Business activities (Other purpose).So majority of people coming for the Beach tourism activities.

8. What attract you to Beypore and Kadalundi

Attraction	Respondents Rank
Bird sanctuary	2nd
Beach	1st
Historic and cultural centre	3rd
Other	Nil

Source: primary data

Interpretation

Ranking method is used to analysis data; here most of the people gave first preference for Beach and its natural beauty. Then the second preference is for the Bird sanctuary and third preference goes to historic and cultural centers. Most of the visitors like the beach. The data collection is done on the off season time of the Bird sanctuary , anyway it is better that beach and bird sanctuary based development work really help the place to attain the prosperity .

9. Which place like most by the visitors?

Place	Respondents
Beypore	1st
Kadalundi	2nd

Source: primary data

Interpretation

In the above table most people are done their vote for Beypore, the natural and cultural attractions of Beypore were liked by them most. Then the second preference is goes to Kadalundi. Here data collection is done in the off season of Kadalundi, so normally people arrival will increase at the beach shore of Beypore. The data collected through the questionnaire imply that most of them liked the place Beypore.

10. Satisfaction with the tourist facilities of Beypore

	Respondents	percentage
YES	2	10%
NO	18	90%
Total	20	100%

Source: primary data

Interpretation

In the above diagram it shows that most of the people are not satisfied with the tourism facilities of the place. Majority (90%) of people are not satisfied with the tourism facility of the place.10% of people are satisfied in the existing facility. So it clearly indicates that there is an absence of tourism facility in the place. People are expecting more facility in the place.

11. Rate the infrastructure and tourist facilities in Beypore

Rating	Respondents	Percentage
Excellent	Nil	Nil
Good	5	25%
Average	6	30%
Poor	9	45%
Total	20	100%

Source: primary data

Interpretation

In the above diagram X axis’s shows rating and Y axis’s shows the percentage. Here 45% of people are suggested that the tourist facilities in Beypore are poor and 30% has been told that tourism facility is in an average. The remaining 25% says that facilities re good in the place. No person cast vote for excellence, it is nil. So it is clear from the above diagram, most people are not satisfied with the tourism facilities in the place.

12. Rate the infrastructure and tourist facilities in Kadalundi

Rating	Respondents	Percentage
Excellent	Nil	Nil
Good	2	10%
Average	4	20%
Poor	14	70%
Total	20	100%

Source: primary data

Interpretation

In the above diagram 70% of people are suggested that there is very poor tourist facility in Kadalundi. 20% of people rate the place has an average and remaining 10% of people are rated as good. It is very clear from the above diagram that there is an absence of good infrastructure facilities in Kadalundi.

13. Absence of tourism development plan in Beypore and Kadalundi

	Respondents	percentage
YES	19	95%
NO	1	5%
Total	20	100%

Source: primary data

Interpretation

The above pie diagram shows that there is an absence of tourism development plan in Beypore and Kadalundi.95% of people are suggested that there is an absence of a good plan. Only 5% suggested that there is no absence. It is very clear that in both places (Beypore and Kadalundi) have the absence of tourism plan and facilities. So there is a need for the development of planned tourism in the place.

14. Source about the destination

	Respondents	Percentage
Friends and relatives	15	75%
Internet	2	10%
Travel agency and tour operation	Nil	Nil
Books and periodicals	3	15%
Others	Nil	Nil
Total	20	100%

Source: primary data

Interpretation

Here in the above diagram75% of people are known to the destination through his friends and relatives .Remaining 15% and 10% people were choose Books and internet to get know to the places .So most of the people were coming through the friends and relatives , it is the major source for the destination.

15. Type of tourism development in the place

	Respondents	Percentage
Responsible tourism	11	55%
Eco tourism	8	40%
Adventure tourism	1	5%
craft tourism	Nil	Nil
other	Nil	Nil
Total	20	100%

Source: primary data

Interpretation:

The diagram shows that most of the people would like to follow a responsible tourism plan in the region. Here 55% of people are suggested for responsible tourism development in the place. 40% has told about the eco tourism development in the place and 5% ask for adventure tourism. The maximum number suggested that responsible tourism is better for the place.

16. What is the main threat of tourism in the place

	Respondents	Percentage
Absence of Marketing	6	30%
Planning	12	60%
Low financing	2	20%
Other	Nil	Nil
Total	20	100%

Source: primary data

Interpretation

In the above diagram most people has suggested that Absence of planning is one of the important problem faced by the destination, 60% of people has told this .30% of people said that the major threat is absence of planning and another category says the major threat as low finance (20%) . So the majority of visitors have said that absence of tourism planning is one of the main threats to the places.

Analysis of Questionnaire to authorities

Analysis is done among the Officials such as DTPC, Life Guards and Harbor engineering department. Questionnaire is distributed among 10 officials on the basis of this analysis and interpretation is made.

1. Which is the most potential tourism centre of Calicut

Name of the tourist centre	Officials	Percentage
Tusharagiri	5	50%
Beypore and Kadalundi	3	30%
Historic and cultural centers	1	10%
Other	1	10%
Total	10	100%

Source: primary data

Interpretation

Here in the above table and diagram shows the most important tourist potential centre of Calicut , 50% of official suggested that Tusharagiri is the potential destination in Calicut.30% has suggested that Beypore and Kadalundi as a potential tourist place. The other remaining 10% have told that the higher potential places are historical centers and other ones like Manachira and Sarovaram etc…, any way most tourist has suggested that Beypore and Kadalundi is the second tourist potential centre in Calicut.

2. Rate the development work in Beypore and Kadalundi

Rating	Officials	Percentage
Excellent	Nil	Nil
Good	1	10%
Average	3	30%
Below Average	6	60%
Total	10	100%

Source: primary data

Interpretation

The Graph shows that the development works of Beypore and Kadalundi were not in a satisfied level. Maximum number of officials or authorities (60%) suggested development works in the tourist places are in below average. 30% told that the tourism work is in an average level. 10% people says that they are satisfied with the development works. So here maximum number of people says that the tourism development is in a below average level.

3. If there is a Need for tourism development plan

	Officials	percentage
YES	10	10
NO	Nil	Nil
Total	10	100%

Source: primary data

Interpretation

Here it is very clear from the above chart that there is a need for the tourism development plan. Maximum number of people has opined that there is a need for a better development plan. So it is clear from the above statement that there we can find the absence of planning. 100% official coordinately cast their vote for this.

4. What is the most suitable development for the place

Type of tourism	Officials	Percentage
Responsible tourism	5	50%
Eco tourism	3	30%
adventure tourism	2	20%
Beach tourism	Nil	Nil
Other	Nil	Nil
Total	10	100%

Source: primary data

Interpretation

In the above chart X axis shows type of tourism development and Y axis shows the percentage. Here 50% of respondents have respond that they personally prefer responsible tourism for the place. Eco tourism also suggested by 30% of official’s .Remaining 20% told about the adventure tourism possibilities. So here also maximum people has suggested for responsible tourism development.

5. Satisfied with the financial assistance

	Officials	percentage
YES	4	40%
NO	6	60%
Total	10	100%

Source: primary data

Interpretation

In the above graph 60% of officials were not satisfied with the financial assistance provided by the government. The remaining 40% says that they satisfied with the financial aid. So majority has opined that they were not satisfied with the financial aid.

6. Whether Public and Private partnership (BOT) can bring integrated tourism development

	Officials	percentage
YES	7	70%
NO	3	30%
Total	10	100%

Source: primary data

Interpretation

Public and private partnership was mostly suggested by the officials. 70% of respondents have suggested about that public and privet partnership really helps in the development. 30% suggested that it would not work in the place. Here in the above diagram higher index can be seen for the BOT works.

7. Coordination between the government organizations related to tourism development at Beypore and Kadalundi

Rating	Officials	Percentage
High	1	10%
Average	4	40%
Low	5	50%
Total	10	100%

Source: primary data

Interpretation

In the above diagram it is noticed that there is no coordinated answer is got for the question .Some people says that there is no coordination and other says there is a little coordination. It is clear from the following diagram that we can find here the absence of proper coordination. 50% of people are opined that the coordination between different government departments is very low. 40% says that coordination between different departments is average and only 10% says that there is a higher coordination between different Govt. departments.

8. Main threat of Beypore and Kadalundi

Threat	Officials	Percentage
Absence of Marketing	3	30%
Planning	6	60%
Low financing	1	10%
Other	Nil	Nil
Total	10	100%

Source: primary data

Interpretation

In the above diagram it is clear that most people had told that there is an absence of proper planning.60% of people had told this there is lack of planning can be visible in the place. 30% of people had told that the main threat is absence of better marketing and low financing is suggested by 10% of people. The majority of people had told that there is an absence of tourism planning for the destination.

Officials Suggestion for the Improvement of tourism in Beypore and Kadalundi

The above question is asked among the 10 officials most of them suggested that there should be planned tourism developments, Increase the availability of finance, domestic and international marketing, develop Health tourism or conduct events and festival etc… Life guard has suggested that it is a perfect place for Adventure tourism activities. The majority of them opined about the tourism development plan for the places. So their suggestion making the project very relevant.

Findings and Suggestions

Keeping the specific objective of the study in mind, a survey was conducted at Beypore and Kadalundi. On the basis of SWOT, questionnaire and observation analysis a summary of findings and suggestions emerged .They are explained as under:-

Findings

• The destinations are mostly visited by the youth in the age between 20-30
• Absence of good number of foreign tourist can be seen here
• Absence of Marketing Plan for the destination is another important problem
• Lack of cleaning less and drainage facility of the place is another problem in the destination
• Fractural distance is one of the main obstrucle among the attractions of Calicut due to this a coordinated development is not possible in the place.
• Less participation of locals in tourism activities
• Lack of good and sophisticated accommodation facility in the Place.
• Absence of space is a visible factor in Beypore for the tourism development works.
• Lack of beautification work in Beypore and Kadalundi.
• Even though Beypore Beach and Kadalundi Bird sanctuary are the premier tourism destinations, the basic and infrastructural facilities are poor.
• Absence of a well defined tourism development plan in Beypore –Kadalundi
• Lack of tourism professionals is an important threat in the Area.
• There is very poor coordination between different government organizations.
• Finance provided by the Government for the tourism development work is very less
• Places are perfect for health and rejuvenation tourism, eco, adventure, MICE, Craft & Loom & festival tourism.
• Absence of authorized tour guides in the place.

Suggestion

v Beypore and Kadalundi have to develop for every type of visitors like children , teenagers , young people , couples , family and aged ones etc. So the present destination should convert in to such pattern, for e.g.:- there should be children’s park for children, Health and rejuvenation centre for aged people and Adventure activities for youth etc…

v There should have better tourism marketing plans, the concern tourism authorities like DTPC, tourism and harbor department have to develop this with the help of stack holders. Marketing techniques likes creative ads, events, press release, internet and media ads have to follow for marketing. Apart from this for a better development we have to strengthen the internal marketing.

v Fractural distance among the attractions in Calicut is an important problem. Zoning has to be done to solve this problem, separate tourism zones have to be develop in Calicut like north zone & south zone etc… District Tourism department should needed to control this zones. Each zones contain the representatives of tourism department, DTPC, stack holders, tourism experts and students etc…

v Waste bins and drainages have to establish in the place, cleaning staff needs to appoint by the tourism authorities.

v A bio gas plant (smaller unit) has to be set up for the proper disposal of waste, the energy (gas) coming through this unit can be distributed with in the tourism destination and among the local nearby houses.

v Local people have to provide employment opportunity in various fields (skilled , semi- skilled, unskilled) . Here the vacancies like zonal officer , life guard office , tourist interpertator , guides , cleaning and gardening staff should distributed among locals .The tourism development in Beypore and Kadalundi also helps the other related industries like agriculture , accommodation and craft and loom business etc…So like this local people get benefit thorough tourism.

v The sophisticated accommodation facilities like floating Uru ( like house boat) , tree hut and resorts have to develop on government and privet basis .

v Space management engineering companies export advice should use for the tourism development works in Beypore and Kadalundi.

v This must be ensure that the development works do not harm the environment and eco system ,Simply it should eco friendly .Tourism possibilities have to be fully utilized for the development works for e.g.:- Craft and loom is a traditional work in Beypore so we can convert this itself as a primer attraction of the place. Tourism development woks have to done on of public & privet participation basis. Here first priority should be given to basic and infrastructural development.

v Tourism professional institution is needed to establish in Beypore-Kadalundi area, so that well educated professionals emerge in the filed.

v A separate committee has to be formed for the evaluation of tourism activities in the district, under the control of District collector. They should evaluate the all concerning matters of a tourism destination like Finance , development works and beautification works etc.., this committee also evaluate the coordination between different government organization . The committee has to submit final operational report to the public each year.

v The places like Beypore and Kadalundi have to follow the Beautification works of other similar tourism destinations .( For e.g.:- Beypore beach an follow the beautification work of Marina beach or any other Goan beach & Kadalundi bird sanctuary can follow the beautification work of Bhathpur bird sanctuary in Rajastan or any similar place) .

Questionnaire

Questionnaire to Visitors

I Nikhildas.T currently pursuing Master of Tourism Administration at Pazhassiraja College , as a part of my course , I am under taking a project a development plan for ‘Beypore and Kadalundi’ Where past meet the present - a development plan .So I kindly request you to fill the questionnaire as a part of my project work.

1. Name:

2. Age:

3. Sex:

4. Nationality and City:

5. Do you like the place Beypore and Kadalundi?

O Yes O No

6. Is it your first Visit?

O Yes O No

7. If there an absence of better accommodation?

O Yes O No

8. What is your purpose of visit?

O Historical and cultural O Beach and natural beauty O Bird watching O

Leisure and entertainment O Other

9. Which attract you most in Beypore and Kadalundi?

O Bird sanctuary O Beach O historic and cultural centre

Other

10. Which place do you like very much?

O Beypore O Kadalundi O Didn’t like

11. Are you satisfied with the tourism facilities of the place?

O Yes O No

12. How do you rate the infra and tourism facility of Beypore?

O Excellent O Good O Average O Poor

13. How do you rate the infra and tourism facility Kadalundi?

O Excellent O Good O Average O Poor

14. Do find an absence of tourism development plan in Beypore and Kadalundi?

O Yes O No

15. How do you know about the destination?

O Friends and relative O Internet O Travel agency and tour operation

O Books and periodicals O Others

16. What type of development do you want to see in the place?

O Responsible tourism O Eco tourism O Adventure tourism

O craft tourism O other

17. What is the main threat of Beypore and Kadalundi this places?

O Absence of Marketing O Planning O low financing O Others

Questionnaire

Questionnaire to Authorities

Dear sir/ madam

As a part of my final Tourism destination project work, I selected the topic a ‘development plan for Beypore and Kadalundi – Where past meet present’. Here I would request you to fill the questionnaire as per your opinion.

1. Name:

2. Age:

3: Sex:

4. Department:

5. Designation:

6. Which is the most potential tourism centre of Calicut?

O Tusharagiri O Beypore and Kadalundi

O historic and cultural centers O Others

7. Rate the development work in Beypore and Kadalundi?

O Excellent O Good O Average

O Below Average

8. Do you think there is a need for development plan?

O yes O No

9. What type of tourism is more suits to the place?

O Responsible tourism O Eco tourism O adventure tourism

O Beach tourism O Other

10. Are you satisfied with the financial assistance?

O Yes O No

11. Do you believe the BOT plans are good for an integrated development of the place?

O Yes O No

12. If there is an absence of coordination between the government organization?

O high O average O Low

13. What is the main threat of both this places?

O Absence of Marketing O Planning O low financing O Other

14. What is your suggestion for the improvement of tourism in Beypore?

O………………………………………………………...........................

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